Effect of Stress Ratio due to Varying Overburden Topography on Crack Intensity of Tunnel Liner
Publication: Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Volume 37, Issue 4
Abstract
A structural health assessment of the tunnel lining is carried out to investigate and mitigate the cause of defects in the tunnel lining to ensure user safety. Many factors affect the tunnel’s integrity, causing a wide range of defects. Identifying the possible cause and its relation with the degree of associated defect is essential for tunnel stability. In conjunction with defects of tunnel failure, liner cracks were found to be most critical because they could trigger other defects to form and jeopardize tunnel stability. Thus, this research acquires visual inspection followed by comprehensive mapping and quantification of liner cracks to enhance our understanding of the effect of varying overburden on the intensity of liner cracks. The numerical analysis was further performed to analyze the influence of varying topography (overburden) on the crack intensity of the liner using the stress ratio, as a parameter in terms of the state of stress using induced stress (IS) and stress concentration factor (SCF) as a performance evaluation criterion. The work demonstrates that the shift in magnitude and position of liner cracks on the different portions of the tunnel liner implies the effect of a regionally external factor (varying overburden depth) on tunnel degradation. For advances in tunnel assessment based on the regional diversity of cracks along the longitudinal profile of the tunnel, the tunnel should be divided into zones based on the overburden to identify the varying intensity of the liner crack. This study shows the variable crack density of 575 m to 628 m, 650 m to 700 m, and 704 m to 724 m for shallow, intermediate, and deep zone, respectively. The findings of this study can provide scientific guidance to tunnel inspectors and engineers regarding the tunnel liner health assessment and identifying the subsequent method of repair.
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Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or codes that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to acknowledge the Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan for providing financial support for the research conducted. The authors would also like to send their warmest appreciation for the financial research support of the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia under Fundamental Research Grant (REF: FRGS/1/2020/TK0/UTM/03/5).
Author contributions: Amber Islam: conceptualization, methodology, software, investigation, and writing-original draft preparation. Rini Asnda Abdullah: visualization and supervision. Izni Syahrizal Ibrahim: resources and supervision. Muhammad Junaid: investigation and conceptualization. Muhammad Hamid Chaudary: software. Zafar Iqbal: validation. Goh Thian Lai: investigation and methodology. Norhadziana Jamal: investigation. Azizul Faiz Abd Aziz: investigation. Adam Salim: investigation.
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Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Volume 37 • Issue 4 • August 2023
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© 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jul 13, 2022
Accepted: Feb 9, 2023
Published online: May 11, 2023
Published in print: Aug 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Oct 11, 2023
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