Experimentation and Modeling Study of Multiphase Extraction at the Laboratory Pilot Scale
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 149, Issue 6
Abstract
This work investigated the treatment of a heterogeneous soil by multiphase extraction (MPE), which is a physical remediation method for soils containing volatile organic compounds. Experiments were conducted on a two-dimensional (2D) laboratory pilot. The soil was simulated by sand in which one or two clay barriers were introduced. The pollutant used was -decane (concentration ) in hexane, acting as the solvant. The mixture of -decane in hexane was introduced in the soil, and the infiltration of the contaminant and its extraction were modeled and experimentally verified. The extraction time and the extraction yield were determined experimentally by monitoring the pollutant concentrations over time during treatment. The influence of barriers on the treatment time and on the adsorption in solid phase in both the vadose and the capillary zones was highlighted. The installation of a clay barrier increased the treatment time but produced an almost identical yield to that obtained with sand alone.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
This research was carried out within the framework of the OPTIMEX project funded by ADEME (French Environment and Energy Management Agency).
References
Abriola, L. M., A. H. Demond, and R. Glass. 1999. The migration and entrapment of DNAPLs in physically and chemically heterogeneous. Ann Arbor, MI: Univ. of Michigan.
Bortini, S. F., R. T. Schlosser, and M. C. Barbosa. 2019. “Numerical modeling of multiphase extraction (MPE) aiming at LNAPL recovery in tropical soils.” Water 2019 (1): 2248–2264. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11112248.
Boudouch, O., D. Esrael, M. Kacem, B. Benadda, and R. Gourdon. 2016. “Validity of the use of the mass transfer parameters obtained with 1D column in 3D systems during soil vapor extraction.” J. Environ. Eng. 142 (6): 04016018. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0001040.
Bradford, S. A., K. M. Rathfelder, J. Lang, and L. M. Abriola. 2003. “Entrapment and dissolution of DNAPLs in heterogeneous porous media.” J. Contam. Hydrol. 67 (1–4): 133–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(03)00071-8.
Cao, W., L. Zhang, Y. Miao, and L. Qiu. 2021. “Research progress in the enhancement technology of soil vapor extraction of volatile petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants.” Environ. Sci. Process. Impacts 23 (6): 1650–1662. https://doi.org/10.1039/D1EM00170A.
Charles, N., S. Colin, T. Gutierrez, and G. Lefebvre. 2018. Mémento Kaolin et argiles kaoliniques. Rep. No. BRGM/RP-67334-FR. Orleans, France: Bureau of Geological and Mining Research.
Esrael, D., M. Kacem, and B. Benadda. 2017. “Modelling mass transfer during venting/soil vapour extraction: Non-aqueous phase liquid/gas mass transfer coefficient estimation.” J. Contam. Hydrol. 202 (6): 70–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2017.05.003.
Esrael, D., A. Laafar, M. Kacem, and B. Benadda. 2019. “Conditions aux limites pour le modèle du drainage de sable pour une et deux dimensions.” Déchets Sciences et Techniques 80: 24–30.
Faisal, A. A., W. M. Kassim, and T. K. Hussein. 2011. “Influence of clay lens on migration of light nonaqueous phase liquid in unsaturated zone.” J. Environ. Eng. 137 (1): 9–14. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000297.
Kacem, M., and B. Benadda. 2018. “Mathematical model for multiphase extraction simulation.” J. Environ. Eng. 144 (6): 04018040. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0001378.
Kacem, M., D. Esrael, and B. Benadda. 2017. “Flowrate and water presence effect on venting/SVE process efficiency.” Int. J. Energy Environ. Eng. 8 (3): 209–217. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40095-017-0238-4.
Kamon, M., K. Endo, J. Kawabata, T. Inui, and T. Katsumi. 2004. “Two-dimensional DNAPL migration affected by groundwater flow in unconfined aquifer.” J. Hazard. Mater. 110 (1): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2004.02.033.
Klute, A., and C. Dirksen. 1986. “Hydraulic conductivity and diffusivity: Laboratory methods.” Agron. Monogr. 1986 (9): 687–734. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssabookser5.1.2ed.c28.
Laafar, A. 2022. “Etude de la dépollution des sols par extraction multiphasique (MPE) sur pilote 2D.” Doctoral dissertation, Dept. of Environment and Society, Université de Lyon.
Lenhard, J. C., and R. J. Parker. 1987. “A model for hysteretic constitutive relations governing multiphase flow. 1. Saturation-pressure relations.” Water Resour. Res. 23 (12): 2187–2196. https://doi.org/10.1029/WR023i012p02187.
Lenhard, R. J., M. Oostrom, and J. H. Dane. 2004. “A constitutive model for air-NAPL-water flow in the vadose zone accounting for immobile, non-occluded (residual) NAPL in strongly water-wet porous media.” J. Contam. Hydrol. 73 (1–4): 283–304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2004.07.005.
Luciano, A., P. Viotti, and M. P. Papini. 2010. “Laboratory investigation of DNAPL migration in porous media.” J. Hazard. Mater. 176 (1): 1006–1017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.11.141.
McWhorter, D. B., and D. K. Sunada. 1977. Ground-water hydrology and hydraulics. Littleton, CO: Water Resources.
Meuser, H. 2013. Soil remediation and rehabilitation: Treatment of contaminated and disturbed land. Berlin: Springer.
Oostrom, M., J. H. Dane, and T. W. Wietsma. 2005. “Removal of carbon tetrachloride from a layered porous medium by means of soil vapor extraction enhanced by desiccation and water table reduction.” Vadose Zone J. 4 (4): 1170–1182. https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2004.0173.
Pan, Y., X. Zeng, H. Xu, Y. Sun, D. Wang, and J. Wu. 2020. “Assessing human health risk of groundwater DNAPL contamination by quantifying the model structure uncertainty.” J. Hydrol. 584 (12): 124690. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.124690.
Parker, J. C., R. J. Lenhard, and T. Kuppusamy. 1987. “A parametric model for constitutive properties governing multiphase flow in porous media.” Water Resow. Res. 23 (4): 618–624. https://doi.org/10.1029/WR023i004p00618.
van Genuchten, M., F. J. Leij, and S. R. Yates. 1991. The RETC code for quantifying the hydraulic functions of unsaturated soils. Riverside, CA: US Salinity Laboratory.
van Genuchten, M. T. 1980. “A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils.” Soil Sci. Society Am. J. 44 (5): 892–898. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1980.03615995004400050002x.
Wang, L., T. Long, F. Zhang, X. Zhu, and M. Tian. 2014. “Advancement in development of multi-phase extraction (MPE) technology for remediation of soil and groundwater.” J. Ecol. Rural Environ. 30 (2): 137–145.
Yoon, H., K. A. Klise, A. J. Valocchi, C. J. Werth, and M. Oostrom. 2015. Impact of chemical properties on DNAPL finger formation in layered unsaturated porous media. Albuquerque, NM: Sandia National Lab.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 1, 2022
Accepted: Jan 12, 2023
Published online: Apr 7, 2023
Published in print: Jun 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Sep 7, 2023
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Business management
- Chemical properties
- Chemistry
- Clays
- Engineering fundamentals
- Environmental engineering
- Geomechanics
- Geotechnical engineering
- Heterogeneity
- Laboratory tests
- Mitigation and remediation
- Models (by type)
- Physical models
- Pollution
- Practice and Profession
- Scale models
- Soil mechanics
- Soil pollution
- Soil treatment
- Soils (by type)
- Tests (by type)
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.