Experimental Study on High-Temperature Creep Behavior of Full-Locked and Galfan-Coated Steel Cables
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 36, Issue 1
Abstract
In a fire, the high-temperature creep effect of steel cables can cause structural failure. Due to differences in fabrication and composition, the high-temperature creep behaviors of full-locked/Galfan-coated steel cables significantly differ from those of general structural steel wires. To accurately predict the creep effects of full-locked and Galfan-coated steel cables, it is necessary to obtain their creep strain at high temperatures. This study conducted high-temperature creep tests on full-locked and Galfan-coated steel cables in the range of 350°C to 500°C under different stress ratios and performed tensile strength tests after the creep test. The results showed that under high-temperature and high-stress conditions, the creep strain rate increases rapidly, and different temperatures and stress levels have an impact on the tensile strength of full-locked and Galfan-coated steel cables after exposure to high temperatures. An improved high-temperature creep time strengthening model is proposed to describe the creep behavior of full-locked and Galfan-coated steel cables at high temperatures. The creep behavior obtained in this experiment and the updated model parameters can provide essential data for accurately predicting the creep effects of full-locked and Galfan-coated steel cables. Tensile strength testing can also serve as a reference for the safety assessment and repair of prestressed structures after a fire.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or codes that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 51878348, and the Shanghai Pujiang Scholar Program under Grant No. 22PJ1414000.
References
Abrams, M. S., and C. R. Cruz. 1961. The behavior at high temperature of steel strand for prestressed concrete. Washington, DC: Portland Cement Association.
AQSIQ (General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection, and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China). 2012. Metallic materials-uniaxial creep testing method in tension. [In Chinese.] GB/T 2039-2012. Beijing: Standards Press of China.
AQSIQ (General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection, and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China). 2014. Steel wire rope—Determination of the actual modulus of elasticity. [In Chinese.] GB/T 8358-2014. Beijing: Standards Press of China.
ASTM. 2018. Standard specification for low-relaxation, seven-wire steel strand for prestressed concrete. ASTM A416/A416M. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
Brnic, J., G. Turkalj, M. Canadija, and D. Lanc. 2009. “Creep behavior of high-strength low-alloy steel at elevated temperatures.” Mater. Sci. Eng., A 499 (1–2): 23–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2007.08.102.
BSI (British Standards Institution). 2012. Specification for high tensile steel wire and strands for the pre-stressing of concrete. BS 5896-2012. London: BSI.
Chen, Z., H. Chen, H. Liu, and S. Yang. 2020. “Corrosion behavior of different cables of large-span building structures in different environments.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 32 (11): 04020345. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0003428.
Chu, T. C., W. F. Ranson, and M. A. Sutton. 1985. “Applications of digital-image-correlation techniques to experimental mechanics.” Exp. Mech. 25 (Sep): 232–244. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02325092.
Day, M. F., E. A. Jenkinson, and A. I. Smith. 1960. “Effect of elevated temperatures on high-tensile-steel wires for prestressed concrete.” Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. 16 (1): 55–70. https://doi.org/10.1680/iicep.1960.11781.
Dorn, J. E. 1955. “Some fundamental experiments on high temperature creep.” J. Mech. Phys. Solids 3 (2): 85–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5096(55)90054-5.
Du, Y., and Z.-M. Gou. 2019. “Application of the non-contact video gauge on the mechanical properties test for steel cable at elevated temperature.” Appl. Sci. 9 (8): 1670–1686. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9081670.
Du, Y., J. Y. R. Liew, J. Jiang, and G. Q. Li. 2020a. “Improved time-hardening creep model for investigation on behaviour of pre-tensioned steel strands subject to localised fire.” Fire Saf. J. 116 (Sep): 103191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2020.103191.
Du, Y., H. H. Qi, J. Jiang, J. Y. R. Liew, and G. Q. Li. 2020b. “Mechanical properties of 1670 MPa parallel wire strands at elevated temperatures.” Constr. Build. Mater. 263 (Dec): 120582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120582.
Du, Y., and F. R. Yan. 2021. “Experimental study on temperature expansion and high temperature creep of parallel steel wire bundle under fire.” [In Chinese.] Eng. Mech. 38 (8): 66–74. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.6052/j.issn.1000-4750.2020.08.0536.
Gales, J., L. Robertson, and L. Bisby. 2016. “Creep of prestressing steels in fire.” Fire Mater. 40 (7): 875–895. https://doi.org/10.1002/fam.2345.
Harmathy, T. Z., and W. W. Stanzak. 1970. “Elevated-temperature tensile and creep properties of some structural and prestressing steels.” Fire Test Perform. 464: 186–208. https://doi.org/10.1520/STP44718S.
ISO. 2018. Metallic materials—Tensile testing—Part 2: Method of test at elevated temperature. EN ISO 6892-2:2018. Geneva: ISO.
Jiang, J., W. Bao, Z. Y. Peng, and X. H. Dai. 2020. “Creep property of TMCP high-strength steel Q690CFD at elevated temperatures.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 32 (2): 04019364. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0003040.
Kodur, V., M. Dwaikat, and R. Fike. 2010. “High-temperature properties of steel for fire resistance modeling of structures.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 22 (5): 423–434. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000041.
Li, G.-Q., X.-X. Wang, C. Zhang, and W.-Y. Cai. 2020. “Creep behavior and model of high-strength steels over 500 MPa at elevated temperatures.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 168 (May): 105989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2020.105989.
Liu, Z., Q. Huang, Y. Shan, and J. Chen. 2020. “Quantifying high temperature-induced breakage instant of prestressing high-strength steel wire.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 32 (7): 04020189. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0003262.
Lyons, J. S., J. Liu, and M. A. Sutton. 1996. “High-temperature deformation measurements using digital-image correlation.” Exp. Mech. 36 (Mar): 64–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02328699.
MIIT (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology). 2010. Locked coil wire ropes. [In Chinese.] YB/T5295-2010. Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press.
MIIT (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology). 2016. Zinc-5% aluminum-mixed mischmetal alloy-coated cable for building engineering. [In Chinese.] YB/T4543-2016. Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press.
MOHURD (Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Construction). 2017. Code for fire safety of steel structures in buildings. [In Chinese.] GB 51249-2017. Beijing: China Planning Press.
Neeraj, T., D. H. Hou, G. S. Daehn, and M. J. Mills. 2000. “Phenomenological and microstructural analysis of room temperature creep in titanium alloys.” Acta Mater. 48 (6): 1225–1238. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(99)00426-7.
Oehlert, A., and A. Atrens. 1993. “Room temperature creep and the initiation of stress corrosion cracking in AerMet 100.” Mater. Forum 17 (4): 415–429.
Shibli, I. A., S. R. Holdsworth, and G. Merckling. 2005. Creep and fracture in high temperature components: Design and life assessment issues. Lancaster, PA: DEStech Publications.
SNZ (Standards New Zealand). 2007. Steel prestressing materials—Part 1: General requirements. AS/NZS 4672.1:2007. Wellington, New Zealand: SNZ.
Sun, G., M. Wu, J. Wu, and R. Chen. 2020a. “Experimental study on mechanical properties of 35CrMo-GLG650 steel rods at elevated temperatures.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 32 (7): 04020154. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0003220.
Sun, G., S. Xiao, and X. Qu. 2021a. “Thermal–mechanical deformation of Galfan-coated steel strands at elevated temperatures.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 180 (May): 106574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2021.106574.
Sun, G., S. Xiao, Y. Yang, X. Li, and M. Mensinger. 2020b. “Post-fire mechanical properties of stainless steel cables.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 172 (Sep): 106177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2020.106177.
Sun, G., J. Zhao, X. Qu, and J. Yuan. 2021b. “Experimental study of stress relaxation performance of steel cables at room temperature.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 33 (3): 04020493. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0003613.
Wang, W., K. Wang, V. Kodur, and B. Wang. 2018. “Mechanical properties of high-strength Q690 steel at elevated temperature.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 30 (5): 04018062. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002244.
Wang, W., S. Yan, and J. Liu. 2017. “Studies on temperature induced creep in high strength Q460 steel.” Mater. Struct. 50 (Feb): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-016-0941-2.
Wei, Y., L. Zhang, F. T. K. Au, J. Li, and N. C. M. Tsang. 2016. “Thermal creep and relaxation of prestressing steel.” Constr. Build. Mater. 128 (Dec): 118–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.10.068.
Williams-Leir, G. 1983. “Creep of structural steel in fire: Analytical expressions.” Fire Mater. 7 (2): 73–78. https://doi.org/10.1002/fam.810070205.
Xin, J. J. 2009. “Experimental study on mechanical properties of 1860 MPa grade prestressed steel strand at high temperature.” [In Chinese.] Master’s thesis, School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao Technological Univ.
Zienkiewicz, O. C., and I. C. Cormeau. 1974. “Visco-plasticity—Plasticity and creep in elastic solids—A unified numerical solution approach.” Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. 8 (4): 821–845. https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620080411.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 36 • Issue 1 • January 2024
Copyright
© 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Dec 11, 2022
Accepted: Jun 15, 2023
Published online: Oct 26, 2023
Published in print: Jan 1, 2024
Discussion open until: Mar 26, 2024
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.