Utilization of Carbide Slag in Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Preparation
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 35, Issue 12
Abstract
Lime is one of the main raw materials necessary for the production of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC). The preparation of lime by calcining limestone directly and indirectly emits a large amount of due to the limestone decomposition and energy consumption. In this study, AAC was made using modified carbide slag (MCS) instead of lime, which effectively can utilize solid wastes and reduce the emission. Results showed that in the first 2 h of hydration, the heat release rate of MCS was higher than that of lime, and the cumulative hydration heat of lime and MCS within 30 h was 206.1 and , respectively. MCS not only can improve the fluidity of slurry, but also can enhance the gas-foaming rate. Cumulative pore volume increased with the increase of MCS content in AAC. Tobermorite, quartz, katoite, anhydrite, and calcite were the main minerals in the AAC. With the increase of MCS content, the density and strength of AAC decreased and the thermal insulation performance increased. When the MCS content was 100%, the AAC density was , the compressive strength was 3.6 MPa, and the thermal conductivity was , which meet in the requirements of the Chinese standard.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
No data, models, or code were generated or used during the study.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the Student Innovation Fund Project of Southwest University of Science and Technology (JZ22-005) and the Sichuan Science and Technology Program (22NSFSC2451 and 2019ZDZX0024). The authors thank Shu Xiang from Shiyanjia Lab (www.shiyanjia.com) for the language editing service. All experiments were in accordance with the current Chinese legislation.
Author contributions: Yuan Bai: writing (reviewing), methodology, project administration, and editing; Kai Luo: methodology, project administration, writing (original draft), and writing (reviewing and editing); Ke Peng: investigation and software; Jun Li: data curation, investigation, and writing (reviewing and editing); Zhongyuan Lu: conceptualization and investigation; and Jun Jiang: supervision and investigation.
References
Amnadnua, K., W. Tangchirapat, and C. Jaturapitakkul. 2013. “Strength, water permeability, and heat evolution of high strength concrete made from the mixture of calcium carbide residue and fly ash.” Mater. Des. 51 (May): 894–901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2013.04.099.
Ashish, D. K. 2019. “Concrete made with waste marble powder and supplementary cementitious material for sustainable development.” J. Cleaner Prod. 211 (Feb): 716–729. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.11.245.
Ashish, D. K., and S. K. Verma. 2019. “Cementing efficiency of flash and rotary-calcined metakaolin in concrete.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 31 (12): 04019307. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002953.
Bhosale, A., N. P. Zade, R. Davis, and P. Sarkar. 2019. “Experimental investigation of autoclaved aerated concrete masonry.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 31 (7): 04019109. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002762.
Bhosale, A., N. P. Zade, P. Sarkar, and R. Davis. 2020. “Mechanical and physical properties of cellular lightweight concrete block masonry.” Constr. Build. Mater. 248 (Jun): 118621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118621.
Cai, L., T. Tang, M. Liu, and D. Xie. 2020. “Comparative study of carbide slag autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) manufactured under thermal oven and microwave precuring process: Foaming course, rough body strength and physic-mechanical properties.” Constr. Build. Mater. 236 (Aug): 117550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117550.
Cai, Q., B. Ma, J. Jiang, J. Wang, Z. Shao, Y. Hu, B. Qian, and L. Wang. 2021. “Utilization of waste red gypsum in autoclaved aerated concrete preparation.” Constr. Build. Mater. 291 (Jun): 123376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.123376.
Chindaprasirt, P., A. Kampala, P. Jitsangiam, and S. Horpibulsuk. 2020. “Performance and evaluation of calcium carbide residue stabilized lateritic soil for construction materials.” Case Stud. Constr. Mater. 13 (Aug): e00389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2020.e00389.
Chinese Standard. 2008. Thermal insulation—Determination of steady-state thermal resistance and related properties—Guarded hot plate apparatus. GB/T 10294-2008. Beijing: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China and Standardization Administration.
Chinese Standard. 2019. Autoclaved aerated concrete blocks. GB/T 11968-2019. Beijing: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China and Standardization Administration.
Cong, P., and L. Mei. 2021. “Using silica fume for improvement of fly ash/slag based geopolymer activated with calcium carbide residue and gypsum.” Constr. Build. Mater. 275 (Aug): 122171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.122171.
Dulaimi, A., H. K. Shanbara, H. Jafer, and M. Sadique. 2020. “An evaluation of the performance of hot mix asphalt containing calcium carbide residue as a filler.” Constr. Build. Mater. 261 (Nov): 119918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119918.
Gong, X. Z., J. Q. Zhang, Z. Wang, D. Wang, J. H. Liu, X. D. Jing, G. Y. Qian, and C. Wang. 2020. “Development of calcium coke for production using calcium carbide slag and coking coal.” Int. J. Miner. Metal. 28 (1): 76–87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-020-2049-5.
Hanjitsuwan, S., T. Phoo-ngernkham, and N. Damrongwiriyanupap. 2017. “Comparative study using Portland cement and calcium carbide residue as a promoter in bottom ash geopolymer mortar.” Constr. Build. Mater. 133 (May): 128–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.12.046.
Horpibulsuk, S., V. Munsrakest, A. Udomchai, A. Chinkulkijniwat, and A. Arulrajah. 2014. “Strength of sustainable non-bearing masonry units manufactured from calcium carbide residue and fly ash.” Constr. Build. Mater. 71 (Jun): 210–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.08.033.
Horpibulsuk, S., C. Phetchuay, and A. Chinkulkijniwat. 2012. “Soil stabilization by calcium carbide residue and fly ash.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 24 (2): 184–193. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000370.
Isu, N., H. Ishida, and T. Mitsuda. 1995. “Influence of quartz particle size on the chemical and mechanical properties of autoclaved aerated concrete (I) tobermorite formation.” Cem. Concr. Res. 25 (2): 243–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(95)00003-8.
Jiang, J., Q. Cai, B. Ma, Y. Hu, B. Qian, F. Ma, Z. Shao, Z. Xu, and L. Wang. 2021. “Effect of ZSM-5 waste dosage on the properties of autoclaved aerated concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 278 (Sep): 122114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.122114.
Li, W., and Y. Yi. 2020. “Use of carbide slag from acetylene industry for activation of ground granulated blast-furnace slag.” Constr. Build. Mater. 238 (Apr): 117713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117713.
Luo, K., J. Li, Q. Han, Z. Y. Lu, X. Deng, L. Hou, Y. H. Niu, J. Jiang, X. Xu, and P. Cai. 2020. “Influence of nano- and carbonation on the performance of natural hydraulic lime mortars.” J. Build. Eng. 64 (Feb): 105607. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117411.
Luo, K., J. Li, Z. Y. Lu, J. Jiang, and Y. Niu. 2019. “Effect of nano- on early hydration of natural hydraulic lime.” Constr. Build. Mater. 216 (Dec): 119–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.04.269.
Luo, Y., et al. 2023. “Use of untreated phosphogypsum as a raw material for autoclaved aerated concrete preparation.” Constr. Build. Mater. 235 (Apr): 117411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2022.105607.
Matsui, K., J. Kikuma, M. Tsunashima, T. Ishikawa, S.-Y. Matsuno, A. Ogawa, and M. Sato. 2011. “In situ time-resolved X-ray diffraction of tobermorite formation in autoclaved aerated concrete: Influence of silica source reactivity and Al addition.” Cem. Concr. Res. 41 (5): 510–519. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2011.01.022.
Mostafa, N. Y. 2005. “Influence of air-cooled slag on physicochemical properties of autoclaved aerated concrete.” Cem. Concr. Res. 35 (7): 1349–1357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.10.011.
Nshimiyimana, P., A. Messan, Z. Zhao, and L. Courard. 2019. “Chemico-microstructural changes in earthen building materials containing calcium carbide residue and rice husk ash.” Constr. Build. Mater. 216 (Apr): 622–631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.05.037.
Phoo-ngernkham, T., C. Phiangphimai, D. Intarabut, S. Hanjitsuwan, N. Damrongwiriyanupap, L. Li, and P. Chindaprasirt. 2020. “Low cost and sustainable repair material made from alkali-activated high-calcium fly ash with calcium carbide residue.” Constr. Build. Mater. 247 (Aug): 118543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118543.
Phummiphan, I., S. Horpibulsuk, and T. Phoo-Ngernkham. 2017. “Marginal lateritic soil stabilized with calcium carbide residue and fly ash geopolymers as a sustainable pavement base material.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 29 (04016195): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001708.
Qu, X., and X. Zhao. 2017. “Previous and present investigations on the components, microstructure and main properties of autoclaved aerated concrete—A review.” Constr. Build. Mater. 135 (May): 505–516. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.12.208.
Rattanashotinunt, C., P. Thairit, W. Tangchirapat, and C. Jaturapitakkul. 2013. “Use of calcium carbide residue and bagasse ash mixtures as a new cementitious material in concrete.” Mater. Des. 46 (Jun): 106–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.10.028.
Wu, R., S. Dai, S. Jian, J. Huang, Y. Lv, B. Li, and N. Azizbek. 2020. “Utilization of the circulating fluidized bed combustion ash in autoclaved aerated concrete: Effect of superplasticizer.” Constr. Build. Mater. 237 (Apr): 117644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117644.
Yang, J., et al. 2021. “Mechanism analysis of carbide slag capture of via a gas-liquid-solid three-phase fluidization system.” J. Cleaner Prod. 279 (Aug): 123712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123712.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Oct 13, 2022
Accepted: Apr 27, 2023
Published online: Sep 27, 2023
Published in print: Dec 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Feb 27, 2024
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.