Quantifying the Effect of Driving Factors on Spring Discharge in an Industrialized Karst Watershed
Publication: Journal of Hydrologic Engineering
Volume 28, Issue 7
Abstract
Identifying the footprint of controlling factors on the spring discharge is challenging under the impacts of human activities and climate change. The challenge can be addressed by (1) exploring the temporal scaling features of spring discharge; and (2) disentangling and quantifying the effects of latent factors on the spring discharge. Taking an example of the Niangziguan Spring in China, the study explores the spring discharge over a 49-year (1959–2007) time window. The results show that the spring discharge is controlled by the positive feedback mechanism before the beginning of groundwater exploitation, while human activities cause variability in spring discharge. The effects of latent factors on the spring discharge characterize the obvious temporal scale-dependent. The quantitative analysis indicates that the local recharge of groundwater possesses the largest contribution (43%) to spring discharge on the temporal scale of 4–16 months. The western North Pacific monsoon (WNPM) and Indian Summer monsoon (ISM) cause the smallest effect (3%) on spring discharge. Human activities have become one of the most important factors (27%) in controlling spring discharge. The results are useful to predict or simulate the groundwater dynamic processes in the study reported here considering that spring discharge is a natural outlet of groundwater.
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Data Availability Statement
The data of the spring discharge and precipitation can be obtained from the corresponding author or Jia Zhong Qian ([email protected]). Information on ISM and the WNPM are available from the Monsoon Monitoring: http://apdrc.soest.hawaii.edu/projects/monsoon/.
Acknowledgments
The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41831289 and 11972148), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. B210202092), China Scholarship Council (Grant No. 201906710070).
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Received: Aug 7, 2022
Accepted: Jan 18, 2023
Published online: Apr 29, 2023
Published in print: Jul 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Sep 29, 2023
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