Abstract
Leachate supplementation through liquid injection is applied widely in bioreactor landfills to increase moisture content within municipal solid waste (MSW) to facilitate waste decomposition and achieve early waste stabilization. This study provided a comprehensive picture of leachate supplementation systems with a critical evaluation of their advantages, applications, design aspects, and influence on the performance of bioreactor landfills. In this study, a critical review of the design characteristics of different leachate supplementation systems and their combinations was carried out, and the comparative performance of leachate supplementation systems by focusing on individual and combined systems to distribute a certain amount of injected liquid was made. In addition, this study considered the effects of MSW characteristics, the mode of leachate injection, the rate of leachate injection, the configuration of the leachate recirculation system (LRS), and the saturated and unsaturated hydraulic parameters to assess the performance of bioreactor landfills. The study identified the significant influence of LRS on moisture distribution, wetted area, pore pressures, landfill settlement, and slope stability. The majority of the literature reported that the unsaturated hydraulic properties and heterogeneous anisotropic waste (HTAW) conditions significantly resulted in an increase in lateral leachate migration and a decrease in pore pressures compared with homogeneous isotropic (HI) conditions. The field applications of these systems and their specifications in full-scale landfills were assessed. This study could help in the better planning of suitable leachate supplementation systems.
Practical Applications
The management of leachate that is generated through MSW decomposition is one of the most critical problems in landfills, because it contains a high concentration of toxic compounds and could easily contaminate the surrounding water bodies. The availability of low moisture content in conventional landfills results in a slow rate of degradation of the MSW. Based on the literature, it was proposed that the moisture content should be approximately 50% to provide optimal conditions for biodegradation. In this scenario, landfill leachate recirculation was a suitable method for leachate management, and there were several benefits associated with it, such as accelerated degradation of waste, the effective utilization of landfill space, a reduction in the volume of leachate for treatment, enhanced landfill gas generation, and minimized postclosure monitoring. This study could help with choosing and designing appropriate LRSs for uniform moisture distribution in real conditions. The observations and operational suggestions from this study could help to update the knowledge for waste management researchers on the implementation of leachate recirculation techniques to improve the performance of bioreactors.
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Acknowledgments
The authors thank the Ministry of Human Resource Development and the Government of India for funding the Doctoral Fellowship of research scholars. This research work was supported by and carried out at the Indian Institute of Technology in Roorkee, India.
Notation
The following symbols are used in this paper:
- A
- anisotropic coefficient;
- ATotal
- total cross-sectional area;
- c
- cohesion;
- D
- depth of DB from LCRS;
- D50
- average particle diameter;
- DHT
- depth of HT from LCRS;
- d
- screen height;
- dw
- diameter of VW;
- G
- shear modulus;
- H
- landfill height;
- Hw
- well height;
- h
- thickness of blanket;
- K
- bulk modulus;
- k
- saturated hydraulic conductivity;
- kb
- saturated hydraulic conductivity of DB;
- kv
- vertical saturated hydraulic conductivity;
- L
- length of DB;
- l
- van Genuchten parameter;
- m
- van Genuchten parameter;
- mv
- waste compressibility;
- n
- van Genuchten parameter;
- P
- leachate injection pressure;
- Pi
- leachate injection pressure head;
- Q
- leachate injection rate;
- Qs
- leachate flux;
- Sh
- horizontal spacing;
- Sv
- vertical spacing;
- W
- width of DB;
- WAmax
- maximum wetted area;
- WHT
- width of HT;
- WWmax
- maximum wetted width;
- Y
- location of leachate injection;
- α
- van Genuchten parameter (m of water column);
- αm
- waste compressibility;
- α1
- inverse of air entry pressure of van Genuchten (kPa);
- γ
- waste unit weight;
- ϕ
- angle of internal friction;
- θi
- initial moisture content;
- θr
- residual moisture content; and
- θs
- saturated moisture content.
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Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Volume 27 • Issue 3 • July 2023
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© 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
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Received: Jun 25, 2022
Accepted: Sep 20, 2022
Published online: Feb 22, 2023
Published in print: Jul 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Jul 22, 2023
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