Radial Mixing in Steady and Accelerating Pipe Flows
Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 150, Issue 6
Abstract
Understanding solute transport in pipe flows is essential for ensuring consistent water quality throughout the entire drinking water supply network. This study used four planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) units for the first time to quantify the cross-sectional concentration distribution resulting from a single pulse of tracer injected at an upstream location under both steady and accelerating flow conditions. Compared with conventional fluorometers, PLIF provides a better measure of the cross-sectional mean concentrations because it allows the cross-sectional distribution of the tracer to be quantified. Under steady turbulent flow conditions, the tracer was cross-sectionally well-mixed, and the concentration uniformity increased with increasing Reynolds number. In laminar flows, as a result of minimal radial mixing, the tracer exhibited a spatial distribution created by the longitudinal differential advection, transforming from a central core to an annulus, which expanded toward the pipe boundary. Under accelerating flows, the temporal concentration profiles displayed two peaks and the tracer close to the source was not cross-sectionally well-mixed. With increasing discharge, the tracer became cross-sectionally well-mixed while retaining the two peak profiles. These results have implications for water quality modeling in unsteady conditions, especially in domestic plumbing, when boundary and biofilm interactions control important processes.
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Data Availability Statement
The data, models, and code generated or used during the study are available in a repository or online in accordance with funder data retention policies from Peng et al. (2024) (https://doi.org/10.15131/shef.data.23735919).
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Joseph Milner, who provided technical support for all the laboratory studies conducted at the University of Sheffield. Additional appreciation is given to Professor Shuisheng He and Oliver Cooper for their generous provision of and assistance in using their lab space. This work was supported by EPSRC Grant No. EP/P012027/1.
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Published In
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 150 • Issue 6 • November 2024
Copyright
© 2024 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jan 17, 2024
Accepted: Jul 8, 2024
Published online: Sep 11, 2024
Published in print: Nov 1, 2024
Discussion open until: Feb 11, 2025
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