Characteristics of Copper Tailings in Direct Simple Shearing: A Critical State Approach
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 149, Issue 5
Abstract
Tailings dams, which are storage structures for tailings, often are constructed using the tailings itself. A large number of tailings dam failures have been reported recently, especially due to static liquefaction, and can be attributed to a lack of knowledge of the geotechnical principles to be used and the lack of characterization of tailings as they continuously are produced and used as construction materials. Furthermore, the majority of past research work has been based on triaxial conditions even though it is believed that direct simple shear conditions may better represent the in situ condition of a tailings dam structure. This paper characterized the behavior of a tailings material from a copper tailings storage facility in Canada using the critical state soil mechanics framework using constant volume (undrained), drained, and constant shear drained shearing tests in direct simple shear space. The correlation between a modified state parameter () with instability state and the flow potential was investigated. Special attention was paid to the behavioral features of the material such as pore-water pressure generation, flow rule and dilatancy, phase transformation, characteristics state, and how they correlate with . The differences in behavior from that of natural granular soils were highlighted.
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Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
This work forms part of TAILLIQ (Tailings Liquefaction), which is an Australian Research Council (ARC) Linkage Project supported by financial and in-kind contributions from Anglo American, BHP, Freeport-McMoRan, Newmont, Rio Tinto, and Teck. The TAILLIQ project is being carried out at The University of New South Wales (UNSW), The University of South Australia, The University of Western Australia (lead university), and The University of Wollongong. The authors acknowledge the support and contributions of project personnel at each of the supporting organizations. The authors specifically thank the mine site personnel who assisted in the sampling works that provided the material used for this study.
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Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 149 • Issue 5 • May 2023
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Received: May 12, 2022
Accepted: Nov 30, 2022
Published online: Feb 16, 2023
Published in print: May 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Jul 16, 2023
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