Predictions of Wind-Induced Snow Redistribution on Long-Span Building Roofs Using Two-Way Coupled Simulations

Data Availability Statement

Acknowledgments

Notation

A₀

empirical coefficient of snow erosion/deposition;

A

area of obstacle related to drag force;

a

local speed of sound;

C_f

aerodynamic drag coefficient of the moving obstacle;

D_P

particle size of the snow particle;

D_t

coefficient of turbulent diffusion;

g

gravitational acceleration constant;

Η

dimensional effectiveness factor;

H_sal

height of the saltation layer;

h

snow depth;

I

turbulence intensity;

k

turbulence kinetic energy;

M_t

turbulent Mach number;

P_g

surface pressure;

Pr_t

turbulent Prandtl number for energy;

$\overline{p}$

mean wind pressure;

Q_sal

saltation transport rate;

S_flux

flux of snow erosion/deposition on the domain boundary;

S_ij

mean rate-of-strain tensor;

T

temperature;

U_sal

mean wind speed in the saltation layer;

U₀

mean wind speed at height 10 m;

${\overline{u}}_i$

mean wind component;

${u^{\mathrm{\prime }}}_i$

fluctuating wind component;

u*

friction velocity;

$u_n^{\ast }$

nonerodable friction velocity;

$u_t^{\ast }$

threshold friction velocity;

${\overline{u}}_z$

wind velocity at height z;

V

fluid volume within unit volume;

w_f

snowfall velocity;

x_i

spatial position components;

Y_M

contribution of fluctuating dilatation to the overall dissipation rate;

Z_g

atmospheric boundary-layer height;

z₀

roughness length;

Φ

mass concentration of snowdrift;

α

geomorphic parameter;

β

coefficient of thermal expansion;

ε

turbulence dissipation rate;

δ_ij

Kronecker's delta;

κ

von Karman's constant;

μ

aerodynamic viscosity;

μ_t

flow dynamic viscosity;

v_t

flow kinematic viscosity;

ρ

flow density;

ρ_s

snow density; and

φ

flux of snow erosion/deposition.

References