Prevalence and Risk Factors for Poor Mental Health and Suicidal Ideation in the Nigerian Construction Industry
Publication: Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
Volume 149, Issue 3
Abstract
Employees’ mental health and well-being are a growing concern as countries grapple with heightened mental ill-health and suicide rates, with the construction industry ranking in the top five. Drawing from the context of a developing country, particularly Nigeria, data were collected using mixed methods (i.e., survey and postsurvey interview). The study investigated mental health among 382 construction personnel. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-2) scales were employed in assessing mental health. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. The prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation were 55.1%, 16%, 9.8% among supervisors, 72%, 36.9%, and 15.3%, respectively, among tradesmen. Univariate logistic regression revealed that years of experience and organizational structure influence mental health. Multiple logistic regression showed that risk factors for mental ill-health include nature of work, little relationship with colleagues, job insecurity, occupational injury, low income, and unsatisfactory living conditions. The findings from this study will assist in intervention building and policy-making within the construction industry of Nigeria and globally.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University financially supports this research. The study forms part of a more extensive Ph.D. research document in a dissertation. Therefore, studies with varying backgrounds and scope but related methodologies may be published.
References
Abdullah, A., A. A. Bilau, W. I. Enegbuma, A. M. Ajagbe, and K. N. Ali. 2011. “Evaluation of job satisfaction and performance of employees in small and medium sized construction firms in Nigeria.” In Vol. 15 of Proc., 2011 2nd Int. Conf. on Construction and Project Management IPEDR, 225–229. Singapore: International Proceedings of Economics Development and Research.
Adewuya, A. O., O. Atilola, B. A. Ola, O. A. Coker, M. P. Zachariah, O. Olugbile, A. Fasawe, and O. Idris. 2018. “Current prevalence, comorbidity and associated factors for symptoms of depression and generalised anxiety in the Lagos State Mental Health Survey (LSMHS), Nigeria.” Compr. Psychiatry 81 (Feb): 60–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.11.010.
Adewuya, A. O., B. A. Ola, and O. O. Afolabi. 2006. “Validity of the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) as a screening tool for depression amongst Nigerian university students.” J. Affective Disord. 96 (1–2): 89–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2006.05.021.
Adewuya, A. O., B. A. Ola, O. A. Coker, O. Atilola, M. P. Zachariah, O. Olugbile, A. Fasawe, and O. Idris. 2016. “Prevalence and associated factors for suicidal ideation in the Lagos State Mental Health Survey, Nigeria.” BJPsych Open 2 (6): 385–389. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjpo.bp.116.004333.
Al-Maskari, F., S. Shah, R. Al-Sharhan, E. Al-Haj, K. Al-Kaabi, D. Khonji, J. Schneider, N. Nagelkerke, and R. Bernsen. 2011. “Prevalence of depression and suicidal behaviors among male migrant workers in United Arab Emirates.” J. Immigrant Minority Health 13 (6): 1027. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-011-9470-9.
Arroll, B., F. Goodyear-Smith, S. Crengle, J. Gunn, N. Kerse, T. Fishman, K. Falloon, and S. Hatcher. 2010. “Validation of PHQ-2 and PHQ-9 to screen for major depression in the primary care population.” Ann. Fam. Med. 8 (4): 348–353. https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.1139.
Banya, K., and J. Elu. 1997. “Implementing basic education: An African experience.” Int. Rev. Educ. 43 (5): 481–496. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003094122514.
Barlett, J. E., J. W. Kotrlik, and C. C. Higgins. 2001. “Organizational research: Determining appropriate sample size in survey research appropriate sample size in survey research.” Inf. Technol. Learn. Perform. J. 19 (1): 43.
Battams, S., A. M. Roche, J. A. Fischer, N. K. Lee, J. Cameron, and V. Kostadinov. 2014. “Workplace risk factors for anxiety and depression in male-dominated industries: A systematic review.” Health Psychol. Behav. Med. Open Access J. 2 (1): 983–1008. https://doi.org/10.1080/21642850.2014.954579.
Beer, M. 1964. “Organizational size and job satisfaction.” Acad. Manage. J. 7 (1): 34–44. https://doi.org/10.2307/255232.
Boschman, J., H. Van Der Molen, J. Sluiter, and M. Frings-Dresen. 2013. “Psychosocial work environment and mental health among construction workers.” Appl. Ergon. 44 (5): 748–755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2013.01.004.
Bowen, P., P. Edwards, H. Lingard, and K. Cattell. 2014a. “Workplace stress, stress effects, and coping mechanisms in the construction industry.” J. Constr. Eng. Manage. 140 (3): 04013059. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000807.
Bowen, P., R. Govender, and P. Edwards. 2014b. “Structural equation modeling of occupational stress in the construction industry.” J. Constr. Eng. Manage. 140 (9): 04014042. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000877.
Bryson, K., and A. Duncan. 2018. Mental health in the construction industry scoping study. SR411. Judgeford, New Zealand: BRANZ Ltd.
Burki, T. 2018. “Mental health in the construction industry.” Lancet Psychiatry 5 (4): 303. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30108-1.
Bursac, Z., C. H. Gauss, D. K. Williams, and D. W. Hosmer. 2008. “Purposeful selection of variables in logistic regression.” Source Code Biol. Med. 3 (1): 17. https://doi.org/10.1186/1751-0473-3-17.
Campbell, F. 2006. Occupational stress in the construction industry. Berkshire, UK: Chartered Institute of Building.
Campbell, M. A., and J. G. Gunning. 2020. “Strategies to improve mental health and well-being within the UK construction industry.” Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Manage. Procure. Law 173 (2): 64–74. https://doi.org/10.1680/jmapl.19.00020.
Carder, M., S. Turner, R. McNamee, and R. Agius. 2009. “Work-related mental ill-health and ‘stress’ in the UK (2002–05).” Occup. Med. 59 (8): 539–544. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqp117.
Carvajal-Arango, D., A. Vásquez-Hernández, and L. F. Botero-Botero. 2021. “Assessment of subjective workplace well-being of construction workers: A bottom-up approach.” J. Build. Eng. 36 (Apr): 102154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102154.
Chan, A. P. C., J. M. Nwaogu, and J. A. Naslund. 2020. “Mental ill-health risk factors in the construction industry: Systematic review.” J. Constr. Eng. Manage. 146 (3): 04020004. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001771.
Chan, I. Y. S., M.-Y. Leung, and S. S. W. Yu. 2012. “Managing the stress of Hong Kong expatriate construction professionals in mainland China: Focus group study exploring individual coping strategies and organizational support.” J. Constr. Eng. Manage. 138 (10): 1150–1160. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000533.
Chen, Y., D. Bennett, R. Clarke, Y. Guo, C. Yu, Z. Bian, L. Ma, Y. Huang, Q. Sun, and N. Zhang. 2017a. “Patterns and correlates of major depression in Chinese adults: A cross-sectional study of 0.5 million men and women.” Psychol. Med. 47 (5): 958–970. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291716002889.
Chen, Y., B. Mccabe, and D. Hyatt. 2017b. “Impact of individual resilience and safety climate on safety performance and psychological stress of construction workers: A case study of the Ontario construction industry.” J. Saf. Res. 61 (Jun): 167–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2017.02.014.
Cheung, T., and P. S. Yip. 2015. “Depression, anxiety, and symptoms of stress among Hong Kong nurses: A cross-sectional study.” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 12 (9): 11072–11100. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120911072.
Choi, E. P. H., B. P. H. Hui, and E. Y. F. Wan. 2020. “Depression and anxiety in Hong Kong during COVID-19.” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 17 (10): 3740. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103740.
Chowdhury, M. Z. I., and T. C. Turin. 2020. “Variable selection strategies and its importance in clinical prediction modeling.” Fam. Med. Community Health 8 (1): e000262. https://doi.org/10.1136/fmch-2019-000262.
Cochran, W. G. 1977. Sampling techniques. 3rd ed. New York: Wiley.
Dabana, A., and A. A. Gobir. 2018. “Depression among students of a Nigerian university: Prevalence and academic correlates.” Archiv. Med. Surg. 3 (1): 6. https://doi.org/10.4103/archms.archms_5_18.
Donaldson, L., and G. Joffe. 2014. “Fit-the key to organizational design.” J. Organ. Des. 3 (3): 38–45. https://doi.org/10.7146/jod.18424.
Fordjour, G. A., A. P. Chan, and L. Tuffour-Kwarteng. 2021. “Exploring construction employees’ perspectives on the potential causes of psychological health conditions in the construction industry: A study in Ghana.” Int. J. Constr. Educ. Res. 17 (4): 373–393. https://doi.org/10.1080/15578771.2020.1804491.
Gilbody, S., D. Richards, S. Brealey, and C. Hewitt. 2007. “Screening for depression in medical settings with the patient health questionnaire (PHQ): A diagnostic meta-analysis.” J. Gen. Intern. Med. 22 (11): 1596–1602. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-007-0333-y.
Goodwin, G. M. 2006. “Depression and associated physical diseases and symptoms.” Dialogues Clin. Neurosci. 8 (2): 259–265. https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2006.8.2/mgoodwin.
Gorse, C., D. Johnston, and M. Pritchard. 2012. Dictionary of construction, surveying, and civil engineering. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Horwitz, A. V. 2015. “The DSM-5 and the continuing transformation of normal sadness into depressive disorder.” Emotion Rev. 7 (3): 209–215. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073915575401.
Horwitz, A. V., and J. C. Wakefield. 2007. The loss of sadness: How psychiatry transformed normal sorrow into depressive disorder. Cary, CA: Oxford University Press.
Hosmer, D. W., and S. Lemesbow. 1980. “Goodness of fit tests for the multiple logistic regression model.” Commun. Stat.- Theory Methods 9 (10): 1043–1069. https://doi.org/10.1080/03610928008827941.
Hu, B. S., Y. X. Liang, X. Y. Hu, Y. F. Long, and L. N. Ge. 2000. “Posttraumatic stress disorder in co-workers following exposure to a fatal construction accident in China.” Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health 6 (3): 203–207. https://doi.org/10.1179/oeh.2000.6.3.203.
Hughes, A. J., K. M. Dunn, T. Chaffee, J. J. Bhattarai, and M. Beier. 2018. “Diagnostic and clinical utility of the GAD-2 for screening anxiety symptoms in individuals with multiple sclerosis.” Archiv. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 99 (10): 2045–2049. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2018.05.029.
Hwang, B.-G., J. Ngo, and P. W. Y. Her. 2020. “Integrated digital delivery: Implementation status and project performance in the Singapore construction industry.” J. Cleaner Prod. 262 (Jul): 121396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121396.
Ibem, E. O., N. Anosike, D. E. Azuh, and T. O. Mosaku. 2011. “Work stress among professionals in the building construction industry in Nigeria.” Australas. J. Constr. Econ. Build. 11 (3): 45–57. https://doi.org/10.5130/AJCEB.v11i3.2134.
Jacobsen, H. B., A. Caban-Martinez, L. C. Onyebeke, G. Sorensen, J. T. Dennerlein, and S. E. Reme. 2013. “Construction workers struggle with a high prevalence of mental distress and this is associated with their pain and injuries.” J. Occup. Environ. Med. 55 (10): 1197. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0b013e31829c76b3.
Jones, A. M. 2019. “Investigating the epidemiology and work disability impacts of anxiety and depression disorders after musculoskeletal injury using linked health data.” Accessed July 22, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2429/73089.
Kamardeen, I., and R. Y. Sunindijo. 2017. “Personal characteristics moderate work stress in construction professionals.” J. Constr. Eng. Manage. 143 (10): 04017072. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001386.
Kiblitskaya, M. 2012. “‘Once we were kings’: Male experiences of loss of status at work in post-communist Russia.” In Gender, state and society in Soviet and post-soviet Russia, 90–104. London: Routledge.
Kim, S., and M. You. 2019. “An empirical analysis of delayed monthly bill payments as an early risk factor of increased suicidal behavior.” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 16 (16): 2929. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162929.
King, J. 2018. Measuring mental health outcomes in built environment research: Choosing the right screening assessment tools. London: Centre for Urban Design and Mental Health.
King, T. L., and A. D. Lamontagne. 2021. “COVID-19 and suicide risk in the construction sector: Preparing for a perfect storm.” Scand. J. Public Health 49 (7): 774–778. https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494821993707.
Kroenke, K., R. L. Spitzer, J. B. Williams, and B. Löwe. 2010. “The patient health questionnaire somatic, anxiety, and depressive symptom scales: A systematic review.” Gen. Hosp. Psychiatry 32 (4): 345–359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2010.03.006.
Kuckartz, U., and S. Rädiker. 2019. “MAXMaps: Creating infographics and concept maps.” In Analyzing qualitative data with MAXQDA: Text, audio, and video, edited by U. Kuckartz and S. Rädiker. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
Langdon, R., and S. Sawang. 2018. “Construction workers’ well-being: What leads to depression, anxiety, and stress?” J. Constr. Eng. Manage. 144 (2): 04017100. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001406.
Li, H., X. Luo, X. Ke, Q. Dai, W. Zheng, C. Zhang, R. M. Cassidy, J. C. Soares, X. Zhang, and Y. Ning. 2017. “Major depressive disorder and suicide risk among adult outpatients at several general hospitals in a Chinese Han population.” PLoS One 12 (10): e0186143. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0186143.
Lingard, H., V. Francis, and M. Turner. 2012. “Work time demands, work time control and supervisor support in the Australian construction industry: An analysis of work-family interaction.” Eng. Constr. Archit. Manage. 19 (6): 647–665. https://doi.org/10.1108/09699981211277559.
Love, P. E. D., D. J. Edwards, and Z. Irani. 2010. “Work stress, support, and mental health in construction.” J. Constr. Eng. Manage. 136 (6): 650–658. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000165.
Manu, P., A. Poghosyan, I. M. Mshelia, S. T. Iwo, A. M. Mahamadu, and K. Dziekonski. 2019. “Design for occupational safety and health of workers in construction in developing countries: A study of architects in Nigeria.” Int. J. Occup. Saf. Ergon. 25 (1): 99–109. https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2018.1485992.
Meltzer, H., P. Bebbington, T. Brugha, R. Jenkins, S. Mcmanus, and S. Stansfeld. 2010. “Job insecurity, socio-economic circumstances and depression.” Psychol. Med. 40 (8): 1401–1407. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291709991802.
Michie, S. 2002. “Causes and management of stress at work.” Occup. Environ. Med. 59 (1): 67–72. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.59.1.67.
Milner, A., Z. Aitken, P. C. F. Law, A. D. LaMontagne, C. Mann, T. Cooper, and K. Witt. 2020. “The relationship between an electronic mental health stigma campaign and suicidal thoughts and behaviours: A two-arm randomized controlled trial in the Australian construction industry.” Health Promot Int. 35 (3): 478–485. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daz034.
Milner, A., H. Maheen, D. Currier, and A. D. Lamontagne. 2017. “Male suicide among construction workers in Australia: A qualitative analysis of the major stressors precipitating death.” BMC Public Health 17 (1): 584. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4500-8.
Murison, R. 2016. “Chapter 2—The neurobiology of stress.” In Neuroscience of pain, stress, and emotion, edited by M. Al’Absi and M. A. Flaten. San Diego: Academic Press.
Nieuwenhuijsen, K., A. De Boer, J. Verbeek, R. Blonk, and F. Van Dijk. 2003. “The depression anxiety stress scales (DASS): Detecting anxiety disorder and depression in employees absent from work because of mental health problems.” Occup. Environ. Med. 60 (S1): 77–82. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.60.suppl_1.i77.
Nwaogu, J. M. 2021. “An integrated approach to improve mental health among construction personnel in Nigeria.” Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Building and Real Estate, The Hong Kong Polytechnic Univ.
Nwaogu, J. M., and A. P. C. Chan. 2021. “Evaluation of multi-level intervention strategies for a psychologically healthy construction workplace in Nigeria.” J. Eng. Des. Technol. 19 (2): 509–536. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEDT-05-2020-0159.
Nwaogu, J. M., T. A. Folorunso, T. A. Akinyemi, and O. O. Ehizemokhale. 2016. “Client and employee satisfaction: Non-financial measures for gauging performance of small and medium construction firms (SMCFs) in Abuja, Nigeria.” Civ. Environ. Res. 8 (10): 7–13.
Obadeji, A., L. O. Oluwole, M. U. Dada, A. S. Ajiboye, B. F. Kumolalo, and O. A. Solomon. 2015. “Assessment of depression in a primary care setting in Nigeria using the PHQ-9.” J. Fam. Med. Prim. Care 4 (1): 30. https://doi.org/10.4103/2249-4863.152246.
Offord, D. R., and H. C. Kraemer. 2000. “Risk factors and prevention.” Evidence Based Mental Health 3 (3): 70. https://doi.org/10.1136/ebmh.3.3.70.
Ojo, G. K., G. M. Adeyeye, A. Opawole, and K. Kajimo-Shakantu. 2019. “Gender differences in workplace stress response strategies of quantity surveyors in southwestern Nigeria.” Int. J. Build. Pathol. Adaptat. 37 (5): 718–732. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBPA-10-2018-0084.
Ojokoh, B. A., O. A. Olaku, O. A. Sarumi, and S. I. Olotu. 2021. “Predictive analytics for economic crisis triggered depression risk level identification among some adults in Nigeria.” Sci. Afr. 14 (Nov): e01056. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2021.e01056.
Okoye, P. U. 2018. “Occupational health and safety risk levels of building construction trades in Nigeria.” Constr. Econ. Build. 18 (2): 92–109. https://doi.org/10.5130/AJCEB.v18i2.5882.
Oladinrin, T., O. Adeniyi, and M. Udi. 2014. “Analysis of stress management among professionals in the Nigerian construction industry.” Int. J. Multidiscip. Curr. Res. 2 (1): 22–33.
Olanipekun, A. O., and N. Saka. 2019. “Response of the Nigerian construction sector to economic shocks.” Constr. Econ. Build. 19 (2): 16–180. https://doi.org/10.5130/AJCEB.v19i2.6667.
Oyewunmi, A. E., O. A. Oyewunmi, O. O. Iyiola, and A. Y. Ojo. 2015. “Mental health and the Nigerian workplace: Fallacies, facts and the way forward.” Int. J. Psychol. 7 (7): 106–111. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPC2015.0317.
Palaniappan, K., R. Natarajan, and C. Dasgupta. 2022. “Prevalence and risk factors for depression, anxiety, and stress among foreign construction workers in Singapore–a cross-sectional study.” Int. J. Constr. Manage. 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/15623599.2022.2070343.
Park, H. 2013. “An introduction to logistic regression: From basic concepts to interpretation with particular attention to nursing domain.” J. Korean Acad. Nurs. 43 (2): 154–164. https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.2.154.
Park, S. K., M.-K. Rhee, and M. M. Barak. 2016. “Job stress and mental health among nonregular workers in Korea: What dimensions of job stress are associated with mental health?” Arch. Environ. Occup. Health 71 (2): 111–118. https://doi.org/10.1080/19338244.2014.997381.
Powell, R., A. Copping, and C. Egbu. 2010. “Construction worker sleep deprivation and its effects on personal safety.” In Proc., 26th Annual ARCOM Conf., edited by C. Egbu, 203–211. Leeds, UK: Association of Researchers in Construction Management.
Rebar, A. L., and A. Taylor. 2017. “Physical activity and mental health; It is more than just a prescription.” Mental Health Phys. Activity 13 (Oct): 77–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mhpa.2017.10.004.
Redekopp, D. E., and M. Huston. 2019. “The broader aims of career development: Mental health, wellbeing and work.” Br. J. Guidance Counselling 47 (2): 246–257. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069885.2018.1513451.
Rees-Evans, D. 2020. Understanding mental health in the built environment. Bracknell, UK: Chartered Institute of Building.
Riemer, J. W. 1976. “‘Mistakes at work’ the social organization of error in building construction work.” Social Probl. 23 (3): 255–267. https://doi.org/10.2307/799772.
Roche, A. M., K. Pidd, J. A. Fischer, N. Lee, A. Scarfe, and V. Kostadinov. 2016. “Men, work, and mental health: A systematic review of depression in male-dominated industries and occupations.” Saf. Health Work 7 (4): 268–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2016.04.005.
Sapra, A., P. Bhandari, S. Sharma, T. Chanpura, and L. Lopp. 2020. “Using generalized anxiety disorder-2 (GAD-2) and GAD-7 in a primary care setting.” Cureus 12 (5): e8224. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.8224.
Shin, Y.-C., D. Lee, J. Seol, and S.-W. Lim. 2017. “What kind of stress is associated with depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation in Korean employees?” J. Korean Med. Sci. 32 (5): 843–849. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2017.32.5.843.
Somoye, E. B., E. O. Babalola, T. O. Adebowale, and P. Onifade. 2015. “Prevalence and risk factors for anxiety and depression among commercial bank workers in Abeokuta, southwestern Nigeria.” J. Behav. Health 4 (2): 55–62. https://doi.org/10.5455/jbh.20150331041736.
Stuckenbruck, L. C. 1979. “The matrix organization.” Accessed August 12, 2020. https://www.pmi.org/learning/library/matrix-organization-structure-reason-evolution-1837.
Sun, Y., Z. Fu, Q. Bo, Z. Mao, X. Ma, and C. Wang. 2020. “The reliability and validity of PHQ-9 in patients with major depressive disorder in psychiatric hospital.” BMC Psychiatry 20 (1): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-02885-6.
Sunindijo, R. Y., and I. Kamardeen. 2017. “Work stress is a threat to gender diversity in the construction industry.” J. Constr. Eng. Manage. 143 (10): 04017073. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001387.
Sutherland, V., and M. J. Davidson. 1993. “Using a stress audit: The construction site manager experience in the UK.” Work Stress 7 (3): 273–286. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678379308257067.
Szumilas, M. 2010. “Explaining odds ratios.” J. Can. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 19 (3): 227.
Tian, D., Z. Qu, X. Wang, J. Guo, F. Xu, X. Zhang, and C. L.-W. Chan. 2012. “The role of basic health insurance on depression: An epidemiological cohort study of a randomized community sample in northwest China.” BMC Psychiatry 12 (1): 151. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-12-151.
Tijani, B., X. Jin, and R. Osei-Kyei. 2021. “A systematic review of mental stressors in the construction industry.” Int. J. Build. Pathol. Adaptat. 39 (2): 433–460. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBPA-02-2020-0011.
Tomitaka, S., Y. Kawasaki, K. Ide, M. Akutagawa, H. Yamada, Y. Ono, and T. A. Furukawa. 2018. “Distributional patterns of item responses and total scores on the PHQ-9 in the general population: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.” BMC Psychiatry 18 (1): 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-018-1696-9.
Tyson, S., and L. Connell. 2009. “The psychometric properties and clinical utility of measures of walking and mobility in neurological conditions: A systematic review.” Clin. Rehabil. 23 (11): 1018–1033. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215509339004.
Wittkampf, K. A., L. Naeije, A. H. Schene, J. Huyser, and H. C. Van Weert. 2007. “Diagnostic accuracy of the mood module of the patient health questionnaire: A systematic review.” Gen. Hosp. Psychiatry 29 (5): 388–395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2007.06.004.
Xu, H., W. Zhang, X. Wang, J. Yuan, X. Tang, Y. Yin, S. Zhang, H. Zhou, Z. Qu, and D. Tian. 2015. “Prevalence and influence factors of suicidal ideation among females and males in northwestern urban China: A population-based epidemiological study.” BMC Public Health 15 (1): 961. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-2257-5.
Yoon, S. L., and J. H. Kim. 2013. “Job-related stress, emotional labor, and depressive symptoms among Korean nurses.” J. Nurs. Scholarship 45 (2): 169–176. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnu.12018.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
Volume 149 • Issue 3 • March 2023
Copyright
© 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jan 9, 2022
Accepted: Oct 31, 2022
Published online: Dec 30, 2022
Published in print: Mar 1, 2023
Discussion open until: May 30, 2023
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.
Cited by
- Mariam Elazhary, Ahmed Shiha, Islam H. El-adaway, Sammi Young, Quantitative Assessment of the Architect’s Role under US Standard Construction Contracts: A Graph Theory Approach, Journal of Management in Engineering, 10.1061/JMENEA.MEENG-6072, 40, 5, (2024).
- Janet M. Nwaogu, Jackie Yang, Albert P. C. Chan, Job Crafting and Job Sculpting Intervention for Balancing Work-Life and Improving Mental Health among Construction Supervisors, Construction Research Congress 2024, 10.1061/9780784485293.092, (926-935), (2024).