Experimental and Numerical Study on Rolling Friction in Tower Saddle of Suspension Bridges
Publication: Journal of Bridge Engineering
Volume 28, Issue 9
Abstract
Rolling friction pairs in the tower saddle of suspension bridges could significantly reduce the horizontal load that is transferred to the tower. To investigate the dependence of the rolling friction coefficient (μ) of a rolling friction pair on the normal load (fn) and the cylinder radius (R), an experiment was conducted where a sandwich-like mechanism measured μ. Based on the μ–fn–R relationship, a numerical model, which used one-dimensional (1D) Gaussian random nonplanar surface representation, was proposed in this research to calculate the overall rolling friction coefficient (μT) of a multiroller plate system. The experimental results showed that the dependence of μ on fn and R could be divided into three stages: (1) roughness; (2) elastic; and (3) inelastic. In addition, μ was proportional to in the elastic stage. The proposed numerical model could accurately calculate μT for a multiroller plate system. The μT rose with increasing surface nonplanarity and slightly increased with the number of rollers (N). This clarified that the μ–fn–R relationship and proposed numerical model could help to quickly determine the size of the rollers and the flatness of plates during design and reduce the scale of the experiments required.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data, models, or codes that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52178145).
References
AQSIQ (General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine). 2016. High-carbon chromium bearing steel. GB/T 18254-2016. Beijing: AQSIQ.
ASME. 2019. Dimensioning and tolerancing. Y14.5. New York: ASME.
Bentall, R. H., and K. L. Johnson. 1967. “Slip in the rolling contact of two dissimilar elastic rollers.” Int. J. Mech. Sci. 9 (6): 389–404. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7403(67)90043-4.
Chen, W. F., and L. Duan. 1999. Bridge engineering handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Cross, R. 2015. “Effects of surface roughness on rolling friction.” Eur. J. Phys. 36 (6): 065029. https://doi.org/10.1088/0143-0807/36/6/065029.
Dorafshan, S., K. R. Johnson, M. Maguire, M. W. Halling, P. J. Barr, and M. Culmo. 2019. “Friction coefficients for slide-in bridge construction using PTFE and steel sliding bearings.” J. Bridge Eng. 24 (6): 04019045. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0001417.
Drutowski, R. C. 1965. “The role of microslip for freely rolling bodies.” J. Basic Eng. 87 (3): 724–728. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3650660.
Foti, D., A. C. Goni, and S. Vacca. 2013. “On the dynamic response of rolling base isolation systems.” Struct. Control Health Monit. 20: 639–648. https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.1538.
Greenwood, J. A., H. Minshall, and D. Tabor. 1961. “Hysteresis losses in rolling and sliding friction.” Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 259 (1299): 480–507.
Griggs, F. E. 2009. “Bridge across the Hudson.” J. Bridge Eng. 14 (5): 388–410. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0702(2009)14:5(388).
Harvey, P. S., Jr., and K. C. Kelly. 2016. “A review of rolling-type seismic isolation: Historical development and future directions.” Eng. Struct. 125: 521–531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.07.031.
Ji, L., and J. Zhong. 2006. “Runyang suspension bridge over the Yangtze River.” Struct. Eng. International 16 (3): 194–199. https://doi.org/10.2749/101686606778026565.
Johnson, K. L. 1987. Contact mechanics, 284–285. London: Cambridge University Press.
Kendall, K. 1975. “Rolling friction and adhesion between smooth solids.” Wear 33 (2): 351–358. https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1648(75)90288-4.
M'Ewen, E. 1949. “XLI. stresses in elastic cylinders in contact along a generatrix (including the effect of tangential friction).” London, Edinburgh, Dublin Philos. Mag. J. Sci. 40 (303): 454–459. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786444908521733.
MIIT (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology). 2017. Steel used for heavy roll forgings-technical specification. JB/T 6401-2017. Beijing: MIIT.
Minato, K., C. Nakafuku, and T. Takemura. 1969. “Rolling friction of metals.” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 8 (10): 1171. https://doi.org/10.1143/JJAP.8.1171.
Moisseiff, L. S. 1933. “George Washington bridge: Design of the towers.” Trans. ASCE 97: 164–205. https://doi.org/10.1061/TACEAT.0004406.
Patir, N. 1978. “A numerical procedure for random generation of rough surfaces.” Wear 47 (2): 263–277. https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1648(78)90157-6.
Rawat, A., and V. Matsagar. 2022. “Seismic analysis of liquid storage tank using oblate spheroid base isolation system based on rolling friction.” Int. J. Non Linear Mech. 147: 104186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnonlinmec.2022.104186.
Tabor, D. 1955. “The mechanism of rolling friction II. The elastic range.” Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 229 (1177): 198–220.
Wang, H., A. Q. Li, and R. M. Hu. 2011. “Comparison of ambient vibration response of the Runyang suspension bridge under skew winds with time-domain numerical predictions.” J. Bridge Eng. 16 (4): 513–526. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000168.
Wang, S. R., Z. X. Zhou, D. Wen, and Y. Y. Huang. 2016. “New method for calculating the preoffsetting value of the saddle on suspension bridges considering the influence of more parameters.” J. Bridge Eng. 21 (12): 06016010. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000956.
Wei, B., P. Wang, W. Liu, M. Yang, and L. Jiang. 2016a. “The impact of the concave distribution of rolling friction coefficient on the seismic isolation performance of a spring-rolling system.” Int. J. Non Linear Mech. 83: 65–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnonlinmec.2016.04.001.
Wei, B., P. Wang, T. Yang, G. Dai, L. Jiang, and Y. Wen. 2016b. “Effects of friction variability on isolation performance of rolling-spring systems.” J. Cent. South Univ. 23 (1): 233–239. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-016-3066-4.
Xiao, L., S. Björklund, and B. G. Rosén. 2007. “The influence of surface roughness and the contact pressure distribution on friction in rolling/sliding contacts.” Tribol. Int. 40 (4): 694–698. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2005.11.021.
Zhang, H. 2018. “Experimental study on friction performance of rolling isolation bearing.” [In Chinese.] Dissertation, Dept. of Architecture and Civil Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Bridge Engineering
Volume 28 • Issue 9 • September 2023
Copyright
© 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Oct 8, 2022
Accepted: May 2, 2023
Published online: Jun 20, 2023
Published in print: Sep 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Nov 20, 2023
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.