Evaluation of Tunneling-Induced Lateral Pile Response by an Artificial Intelligence Optimization Algorithm
Publication: International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 23, Issue 10
Abstract
The efficient assessment of tunneling effects on adjacent existing piles is significant for underground constructions. In this study, a new analytical approach was developed to rapidly assess lateral pile responses due to tunneling. A nonlinear Pasternak foundation model considering the unloading effect (NPFM-U), which took into account the nonlinearity of the pile–soil interaction and the attenuation of the soil resistance caused by tunneling, is proposed. Inspired by the minimum potential energy principle, an accurate and efficient artificial intelligence optimization algorithm––chaos radial movement optimization (CRO)––was developed to optimize the minimum value of the total potential energy of the tunnel–soil–pile system in which the proposed NPFM-U was utilized, and to obtain the lateral responses of the piles. The reliability of the proposed method was subsequently validated by comparing it with data from centrifuge and field tests. Parametric studies on the influence of the parameters of the CRO algorithm’s maximum iteration number, number of particle groups, tunnel diameter, pile modulus, pile diameter, pile length, soil undrained shear strength, reduction factor, and pile–soil horizontal distance were also performed.
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Data Availability Statement
All data and models that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
Much of the work presented in this paper was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51878157), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. BK20181282), and the China Scholarship Council (CSC202106090083). This collective financial support is gratefully acknowledged.
Notation
The following symbols are used in this paper:
- cmk
- chaotic number in the kth generation in CRO;
- cpk
- center point of particle in the kth generation in CRO;
- D
- diameter of tunnel;
- Dp
- diameter of pile;
- Ep
- elastic modulus of pile;
- Es
- elastic modulus of soil;
- Eu
- undrained Young’s modulus of soil;
- G
- maximum number of iterations in CRO;
- Gb
- global best fitness value in CRO;
- Gs
- shear stiffness of Pasternak shear layer;
- h
- buried depth of the tunnel axis;
- ht
- thickness of Pasternak shear layer;
- Ip
- moment of inertia of pile;
- kn
- coefficient of subgrade modulus;
- k0
- coefficient of earth pressure at rest;
- li
- length of each pile segment;
- M
- total number of solution variables in CRO;
- M0
- bending moment applied to pile top;
- N
- number of rotation angles of each pile in each generation in CRO;
- pu
- ultimate soil resistance in greenfield;
- Q0
- lateral load applied to pile top;
- qi
- pressure induced by tunneling to each pile segment;
- Rb
- radial best fitness value in CRO;
- r0
- radius of circular lining;
- sQ
- lateral displacement at pile top due to Q0;
- u
- deflection of beam;
- v
- Poisson’s ratio of soil;
- Wmax
- maximum inertia weight in CRO;
- Wmin
- minimum inertia weight in CRO;
- w
- deflection of pile;
- wi
- displacement of each pile segment;
- x
- horizontal offset from tunnel axis;
- z
- vertical offset from tunnel axis;
- γ
- unit weight of soil;
- ΔθM
- rotation angle at pile top due to M0;
- Δθi
- increment of rotation angle of each pile segment;
- ɛ0
- equivalent ground loss ratio;
- ɛ50
- soil strain at 50% of the maximum stress in laboratory triaxial tests;
- θi
- deformation angle of each pile segment; and
- λ
- reduction factor.
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Published In
International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 23 • Issue 10 • October 2023
Copyright
© 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Dec 6, 2022
Accepted: Apr 25, 2023
Published online: Aug 3, 2023
Published in print: Oct 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Jan 3, 2024
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