A Peak Shear Displacement Model Considering Three-Dimensional Roughness of the Actual Contact Joint Surface
Publication: International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 23, Issue 10
Abstract
During rock joint shear tests, only some steep asperities on the shear surface participate in the shearing process. The existing peak shear displacement (PSD) models fail to reflect the role of steep asperities on the PSD fully. Therefore, this study proposes a new PSD model of rock joints to solve this problem. First, shear tests are carried out on red sandstone joint samples with the same morphology under different normal stress. The results show that the PSD increases with normal stress and decreases with joint surface roughness. A PSD model for rock joints considering the three-dimensional unevenness of the actual contact joint surface and normal stress is presented. The model reflects that the PSD increases with the normal stress because the increase of the normal stress leads to a decrease of the actual contact joint roughness, and the decrease of the roughness leads to an increase of the PSD of the joints. The new proposed model further shows that the roughness of the actual contact joint surface can well reflect the shear process. The test results of different studies describing the various types of joints verify the rationality of the proposed PSD model of rock joints, following which the adaptability and limitations of the model are discussed.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
This study is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 52104090 and 52208328), the Special Projects of Science and Technology Innovation Entrepreneurship Funds by China Coal Technology Engineering Group (Nos. 2022-MS003 and 2019-2-ZD001), and the Open Research Fund Program of State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering (No. sklhse-2021-C-06).
References
Asadollahi, P. 2009. Stability analysis of a single three dimensional rock block: Effect of dilatancy and high-velocity water jet impact. Austin, TX: Univ. of Texas at Austin.
Ban, L., C. Qi, H. Chen, F. Yan, and C. Ji. 2020. “A new criterion for peak shear strength of rock joints with a 3D roughness parameter.” Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 53 (4): 1755–1775. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-019-02007-z.
Barton, N. 1973. “Review of a new shear-strength criterion for rock joints.” Eng. Geol. 7 (4): 287–332. https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-7952(73)90013-6.
Barton, N. 1982. Modelling rock joint behavior from in situ block tests: implications for nuclear waste repository design. Columbus, OH: Office of Nuclear Waste Isolation, Battelle Project Management Div.
Barton, N., and V. Choubey. 1977. “The shear strength of rock joints in theory and practice.” Rock Mech. 10 (1–2): 1–54. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01261801.
Belem, T., F. Homand-Etienne, and M. Souley. 2000. “Quantitative parameters for rock joint surface roughness.” Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 33 (4): 217–242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s006030070001.
Chen, S. J., W. C. Zhu, Q. L. Yu, and X. G. Liu. 2016. “Characterization of anisotropy of joint surface roughness and aperture by variogram approach based on digital image processing technique.” Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 49 (3): 855–876. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-015-0795-x.
Chen, Y., J. Teng, R. B. Sadiq, and K. Zhang. 2020. “Experimental study of bolt-anchoring mechanism for bedded rock mass.” Int. J. Geomech. 20 (4): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001561.
Desai, C. S., and K. L. Fishman. 1991. “Plasticity-based constitutive model with associated testing for joints.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. Geomech. Abstr. 28 (1): 15–26.
Du, W., L. Ban, and C. Qi. 2021. “Reply to the discussion by Yingchun Li on ‘A peak dilation angle model considering the real contact area for rock joints’.” Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 54 (11): 5969–5972. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-021-02581-1.
Ge, Y., H. Tang, M. A. M. E. Eldin, L. Wang, Q. Wu, and C. Xiong. 2017. “Evolution process of natural rock joint roughness during direct shear tests.” Int. J. Geomech. 17 (5): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000694.
Grasselli, G. 2001. Shear strength of rock joints based on quantified surface description. Zurich, Switzerland: EPFL.
Grasselli, G., and P. Egger. 2003. “Constitutive law for the shear strength of rock joints based on three-dimensional surface parameters.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 40 (1): 25–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1365-1609(02)00101-6.
Grasselli, G., J. Wirth, and P. Egger. 2002. “Quantitative three-dimensional description of a rough surface and parameter evolution with shearing.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 39 (6): 789–800. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1365-1609(02)00070-9.
Homand, F., T. Belem, and M. Souley. 2001. “Friction and degradation of rock joint surfaces under shear loads.” Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech. 25 (10): 973–999. https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.163.
Jiang, Q., L. Song, F. Yan, C. Liu, B. Yang, and J. Xiong. 2020a. “Experimental investigation of anisotropic wear damage for natural joints under direct shearing test.” Int. J. Geomech. 20 (4): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001617.
Jiang, Q., B. Yang, F. Yan, C. Liu, Y. Shi, and L. Li. 2020b. “New method for characterizing the shear damage of natural rock joint based on 3D engraving and 3D scanning.” Int. J. Geomech. 20 (2): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001575.
Johansson, F., and H. Stille. 2014. “A conceptual model for the peak shear strength of fresh and unweathered rock joints.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 69: 31–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2014.03.005.
Lee, Y.-H., J. R. Carr, D. J. Barr, and C. J. Haas. 1990. “The fractal dimension as a measure of the roughness of rock discontinuity profiles.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. Geomech. Abstr. 27 (6): 453–464.
Liu, X., Y. Liu, F. Dai, and Z. Yan. 2022. “Tensile mechanical behavior and fracture characteristics of sandstone exposed to freeze–thaw treatment and dynamic loading.” Int. J. Mech. Sci. 226: 107405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2022.107405.
Liu, X., W. Zhu, Y. Liu, Q. Yu, and K. Guan. 2021. “Characterization of rock joint roughness from the classified and weighted uphill projection parameters.” Int. J. Geomech. 21 (5): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001963.
Maerz, N. H., J. A. Franklin, and C. P. Bennett. 1990. “Joint roughness measurement using shadow profilometry.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. Geomech. Abstr. 27 (5): 329–343.
Tang, H., Y. Ge, L. Wang, Y. Yuan, L. Huang, and M. Sun. 2012a. “Study on estimation method of rock mass discontinuity shear strength based on three-dimensional laser scanning and image technique.” J. Earth Sci. 23 (6): 908–913. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-012-0301-2.
Tang, Z., C. Xia, Y. Song, and T. Liu. 2012b. “Discussion about Grasselli s peak shear strength criterion for rock joints.” Chin. J. Rock Mech. Eng. 31: 356–364.
Tatone, B. S. A. 2009. Quantitative characterization of natural rock discontinuity roughness in-situ and in the laboratory. Toronto: Univ. of Toronto.
Tatone, B. S. A., and G. Grasselli. 2010. “A new 2D discontinuity roughness parameter and its correlation with JRC.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 47 (8): 1391–1400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2010.06.006.
Tse, R., and D. M. Cruden. 1979. “Estimating joint roughness coefficients.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. Geomech. Abstr. 16 (5): 303–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(79)90241-9.
Wibowo, J., B. Amadei, S. Sture, and R. H. Price. 1994. Effect of boundary conditions on the strength and deformability of replicas of natural fractures in welded tuff: Data analysis. Albuquerque, NM: Sandia National Laboratories, Colorado Univ.
Xia, C., Z. Tang, Y. Song, and Y. Liu. 2011. “Analysis of relationship between joint peak shear displacement and its influence factors.” Rock Soil Mech. 32: 1654–1658.
Xu, T., Q. Xu, C. Tang, and P. G. Ranjith. 2013. “The evolution of rock failure with discontinuities due to shear creep.” Acta Geotech. 8 (6): 567–581. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-013-0244-5.
Yang, J., G. Rong, D. Hou, J. Peng, and C. Zhou. 2016. “Experimental study on peak shear strength criterion for rock joints.” Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 49 (3): 821–835. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-015-0791-1.
Yoshinaka, R., and T. Yamabe. 1986. “3. Joint stiffness and the deformation behaviour of discontinuous rock.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. Geomech. Abstr. 23 (1): 19–28.
You, W., F. Dai, Y. Liu, and Z. Yan. 2022. “Effect of confining pressure and strain rate on mechanical behaviors and failure characteristics of sandstone containing a pre-existing flaw.” Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 55 (4): 2091–2109. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-022-02772-4.
Yu, X., and B. Vayssade. 1991. “Joint profiles and their roughness parameters.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. Geomech. Abstr. 28 (4): 333–336.
Zhang, Q., F. Dai, and Y. Liu. 2022a. “Experimental assessment on the dynamic mechanical response of rocks under cyclic coupled compression-shear loading.” Int. J. Mech. Sci. 216: 106970. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2021.106970.
Zhang, Q., Y. Liu, F. Dai, and R. Jiang. 2022b. “Experimental assessment on the fatigue mechanical properties and fracturing mechanism of sandstone exposed to freeze–thaw treatment and cyclic uniaxial compression.” Eng. Geol. 306: 106724. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2022.106724.
Zhang, X., Q. Jiang, P. H. S. W. Kulatilake, F. Xiong, C. Yao, and Z. Tang. 2019. “Influence of asperity morphology on failure characteristics and shear strength properties of rock joints under direct shear tests.” Int. J. Geomech. 19 (2): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001347.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 23 • Issue 10 • October 2023
Copyright
© 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jul 26, 2022
Accepted: Apr 18, 2023
Published online: Jul 31, 2023
Published in print: Oct 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Dec 31, 2023
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.