Simplified Deformation Analyses of a Single Pile Subjected to Different Deformation Modes of the Pit Enclosure Structure
Publication: International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 23, Issue 4
Abstract
During the excavation of a foundation pit, differences in the stiffness of an enclosure structure with different supports may lead to different deformation modes of the enclosure structure. Without considering the effects of both pore–fluid and chemical reactions in the surrounding soils, the existing simplified analytical method is used to approximate pit sidewall deformation curves under four typical pit enclosure deformation modes, so that the horizontal displacement curves of a neighboring single pile are obtained by the image source method. Based on the results obtained from the simplified analytical method, it is concluded that both the maximum cumulative deformation value and the deformation pattern of a foundation pit enclosure structure can have nonnegligible effects on the horizontal displacement of the adjacent single pile. The maximum horizontal displacement of the single pile in the adjacent pit increases linearly with the control parameters of the pit enclosure structure, while it decreases nonlinearly with either an increase in the horizontal distance from the enclosure structure or a decrease in the excavation depth.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The work presented in this study was financially supported by the Basic Public Welfare Research Projects in Zhejiang Province (Grant No. LGG21E080003) and the Joint Fund of Zhejiang Natural Science Foundation Committee Power China Huadong Engineering Corporation (Grant No. LHZ19E090001).
References
Byrne, B. W., et al. 2015. “Field testing of large diameter piles under lateral loading for offshore wind applications.” In 16th European Conf. on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 1255–1260. London: Institution of Civil Engineers Publishing.
CABS (China Academy of Building Sciences). 2012. Technical specification for retaining and protection of building foundation excavations. Beijing: CABS.
Cai, J. P., M. S. Huang, J. G. Qian, and Z. H. Xu. 2010. “DCFEM method for analyzing the influence of deep excavation on adjacent underground pipelines.” Chin. J. Underground Space Eng. 6 (1): 120–124.
Chen, L. T., and H. G. Poulos. 1997. “Piles subjected to lateral soil movements.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 123 (9): 802–811. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1997)123:9(802).
Chu, Y. K. 1994. “A failure case study of island method excavation in soft clay.” In Proc., Int. Conf. on Design and Construction of Deep Foundation, 1216–1230. Orlando, FL: Federal Highway Administration.
Finno, R. J., S. A. Lawrence, N. F. Allawh, and I. S. Harahap. 1991. “Analysis of performance of pile groups adjacent to deep excavation.” J. Geotech. Eng. 117 (6): 934–955. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1991)117:6(934).
Goh, A. T. C., K. S. Wong, C. I. Teh, and D. Wen. 2003. “Pile response adjacent to braced excavation.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 129 (4): 383–386. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2003)129:4(383).
Gong, X. N., and Y. C. Gao. 1998. Construction and design manual of deep excavation engineering. Beijing: China Architecture Press.
Guo, W. A., and D. L. Qian. 2007. “Calculation and analysis of the maximum horizontal displacement of the pile head in the cantilever soldier pile retaining structure.” J. Hefei Univ. Technol. 30 (6): 753–756.
Hobbs, B. E., C. B. Zhao, and A. Ord. 2010. “Theoretical analyses of the effects of solute dispersion on chemical-dissolution front instability in fluid-saturated porous media.” Transp. Porous Media 84 (3): 629–653. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11242-010-9528-5.
Hobbs, B. E., C. B. Zhao, and A. Ord. 2013. “Analytical solutions of nonaqueous-phase-liquid dissolution problems associated with radial flow in fluid-saturated porous media.” J. Hydrol. 494: 96–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.04.038.
Hobbs, B. E., C. B. Zhao, and A. Ord. 2016. “Chemical dissolution-front instability associated with water-rock reactions in groundwater hydrology: Analyses of porosity-permeability relationship effects.” J. Hydrol. 540: 1078–1087. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.07.022.
Hornby, P., A. Ord, S. Peng, and L. Liu. 2008. “Theoretical and numerical analyses of chemical-dissolution front instability in fluid-saturated porous rocks.” Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech. 32 (9): 1107–1130. https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.661.
Ju, Y. C., Q. M. Gong, Y. Zhao, and J. Chen. 2021. “Energy method for horizontal deformation of diaphragm wall due to soft soil foundation pit excavation.” Chin. J. Underground Space Eng. 17 (6): 1762–1774.
Kong, D. Q., J. S. Zhu, Y. W. Long, B. Zhu, Q. J. Yang, Y. F. Gao, and Y. M. Chen. 2022. “Centrifuge modelling on monotonic and cyclic lateral behaviour of monopiles in kaolin clay.” Géotechnique 72 (8): 661–674. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeot.19.P.402.
Leung, C. F., Y. K. Chow, and R. F. Shen. 2000. “Behavior of pile subject to excavation-induced soil movement.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 126 (11): 947–954. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2000)126:11(947).
Liu, G. B., and W. D. Wang. 2009. Excavation engineering manual. Beijing: China Architecture Press.
MMC (Ministry of Metallurgy of China). 1998. Code for technique of building foundation pit engineering. Beijing: MMC.
Ord, A., B. E. Hobbs, and C. B. Zhao. 2010. “Theoretical analyses of nonaqueous-phase-liquid dissolution induced instability in two-dimensional fluid-saturated porous media.” Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech. 34 (17): 1767–1796. https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.880.
Ord, A., B. E. Hobbs, and C. B. Zhao. 2015. “Theoretical analyses of chemical dissolution-front instability in fluid-saturated porous media under non-isothermal conditions.” Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech. 39 (8): 799–820. https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.2332.
Ou, C. Y., P. G. Hsieh, and D. C. Chiou. 1993. “Characteristics of ground surface settlement during excavation.” Can. Geotech. J. 30 (5): 758–767. https://doi.org/10.1139/t93-068.
Poulet, T., K. Regenauer-Lieb, and C. B. Zhao. 2015. “Numerical modeling of toxic nonaqueous phase liquid removal from contaminated groundwater systems: Mesh effect and discretization error estimation.” Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech. 39 (6): 571–593. https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.2327.
Poulos, H. G., and L. T. Chen. 1997. “Pile response due to excavation-induced lateral soil movement.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 123 (2): 94–99. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1997)123:2(94).
Sagaseta, C. 1987. “Analysis of undrained soil deformation due to ground loss.” Geotechnique 37 (3): 301–320. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1987.37.3.301.
Shu, W. C. 2003. “Analysis of spatial deformation for cement mixing piles-ring beam supporting structure.” Rock Soil Mech. 24 (4): 557–560. https://doi.org/10.16285/j.rsm.2003.04.016.
Song, X. Q. 2016. “Field study on influence of response pile foundation caused by foundation pit excavation.” Site Invest. Sci. Technol. 4: 1–4 + 25.
Sun, K. 1994. “Laterally loaded piles in elastic media.” J. Geotech. Eng. 120 (8): 1324–1344. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1994)120:8(1324).
Vesic, B. A. 1961. “Bending of beams resting on isotropic elastic solids.” J. Eng. Mech. 87 (2): 35–53. https://doi.org/10.1061/JMCEA3.0000212.
Wang, G. B., Y. F. Zhang, M. Gao, and G. Y. Gao. 2010. “Analytical solution on the displacement of soil-nail braced structure based on the minimum potential energy principle.” Chin. J. Geotech. Eng. 32 (3): 415–419.
Wang, Z. Y. 2017. “Research on deformation behavior of deep excavation with bracing diaphragm wall in Hangzhou area.” M.S. thesis, School of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang Univ.
Whittle, A. J., and R. V. Davies. 2006. “Nicoll highway collapse: Evaluation of geotechnical factors affecting design of excavation support system.” In Int. Conf. on Deep Excavations. Singapore: Land Transport Authority of Singapore, Association of Consulting Engineers, and Tunneling and Underground Construction Society.
Xu, K. J., and H. G. Poulos. 2000. “General elastic analysis of piles and pile groups.” Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech. 24 (15): 1109–1138. https://doi.org/10.1002/1096-9853(20001225)24.
Xu, X. C., S. X. Chen, and H. B. Xu. 2006. “Spatial deformation analysis of cantilever soldier pile retaining structure in deep foundation pit.” Rock Soil Mech. 27 (2): 184–188. https://doi.org/10.16285/j.rsm.2006.02.003.
Xu, Z. H., J. H. Wang, and W. D. Wang. 2008. “Deformation behavior of diaphragm walls in deep excavations in Shanghai.” China Civ. Eng. J. 41 (8): 81–86.
Yao, W. J., W. X. Yin, J. Chen, and Y. Z. Qiu. 2010. “Numerical simulation of a super-long pile group under both vertical and lateral loads.” Adv. Struct. Eng. 13 (6): 1139–1151. https://doi.org/10.1260/1369-4332.13.6.1139.
Zhang, A. J., H. H. Mo, A. G. Li, W. Gao, and W. Xiang. 2013. “Two-stage analysis method for behavior of adjacent piles due to foundation pit excavation.” Chin. J. Rock Mech. Eng. 32 (S1): 2746–2450.
Zhang, C. R., J. P. Cai, and M. S. Huang. 2010. “Influence of deep excavation on adjacent underground pipelines.” Chin. J. Geotech. Eng. 32 (S2): 154–157.
Zhang, X. H., G. Wei, and C. W. Jiang. 2020. “The study for longitudinal deformation of adjacent shield tunnel due to foundation pit excavation with consideration of the retaining structure deformation.” Symmetry 12 (12): 2103. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12122103.
Zhang, X. H., G. Wei, X. B. Lin, C. Xia, and X. J. Wei. 2021. “Transverse force analysis of adjacent shield tunnel caused by foundation pit excavation considering deformation of retaining structures.” Symmetry 13 (8): 1478. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13081478.
Zhang, Z. G., Q. H. Zhao, C. Xu, and L. S. Hu. 2016. “Simplified analysis of adjacent single-pile response subjected to foundation pit excavation based on virtual image technique.” Rock Soil Mech. 37 (7): 2011–2020. https://doi.org/ 10.16285/j.rsm.2016.07.023.
Zhao, C. 2014. Physical and chemical dissolution front instability in porous media: Theoretical analyses and computational simulations. Cham, Switzerland: Springer.
Zhao, C. B. 2009. Dynamic and transient infinite elements: Theory and geophysical, geotechnical and geoenvironmental applications. Berlin: Springer.
Zhao, C. B., B. E. Hobbs, and A. Ord. 2008. Convective and advective heat transfer in geological systems. Berlin: Springer.
Zhao, C. B., B. E. Hobbs, and A. Ord. 2009. Fundamentals of computational geoscience: Numerical methods and algorithms. Berlin: Springer.
Zhao, C. B., B. E. Hobbs, and A. Ord. 2013. “Theoretical analyses of acidization-dissolution front instability in fluid-saturated carbonate rocks.” Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech. 37 (13): 2084–2105. https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.2123.
Zhao, C. B., B. E. Hobbs, and A. Ord. 2018. “Analytical solution for dissolution-timescale reactive transport in fluid-saturated porous rocks.” Int. J. Geomech. 18 (6): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001152.
Zhao, C. B., B. E. Hobbs, and A. Ord. 2020. “Transient-state instability analysis of dissolution-timescale reactive infiltration in fluid-saturated porous rocks: Purely mathematical approach.” Sci. China Technol. Sci. 63 (2): 319–328. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-018-9448-8.
Zhao, C. B., B. E. Hobbs, and A. Ord. 2022. “Two different mathematical schemes for solving chemical dissolution-front instability problems in fluid-saturated rocks.” Sci. China Technol. Sci. 65 (1): 147–156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-021-1878-9.
Zhu, X. Y., M. S. Huang, and C. R. Zhang. 2010. “Displacement controlled FEM for analyzing influences of excavation of foundation pits on adjacent pile foundations.” Chin. J. Geotech. Eng. 32 (S1): 181–185.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 23 • Issue 4 • April 2023
Copyright
© 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: May 17, 2022
Accepted: Nov 27, 2022
Published online: Jan 23, 2023
Published in print: Apr 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Jun 23, 2023
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.