Field Monitoring of Ship Wave Action on Environmentally Friendly Bank Protection in a Confined Waterway
Publication: Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 139, Issue 6
Abstract
The road toward a sustainable inland waterway network entails the installation of ecologically sound and technically effective bank protection. Heavy shipping traffic complicates the development of environmentally friendly bank protection on confined, nontidal waterways. Because in such conditions ship waves vary with ship design and operation, with topographic boundaries and locally changing hydraulic conditions, ship wave action is poorly understood. Therefore, a stand-alone field monitoring system was designed that accurately measures the impact on and response of environmentally friendly bank protection, consisting of off-bank timber piling and vegetation (reeds). Subsequently, the instrumentation was re-engineered and extended to a mobile version, enhancing the dynamic measurement possibilities. In this paper, the setup of both measurement systems is described, together with a detailed overview of the selected measurement instrumentation and good installation practices. The added value of these field monitoring systems is illustrated with an example of the monitoring system’s data output.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This research project is funded by the Special Research Fund of Ghent University. The authors thank the Flemish administration for waterways and the sea canal (W&Z) for their cooperation and support in this project. The assistance of Hye NV and the technicians of the Civil Engineering Department of Ghent University in the construction of the prototype monitoring systems is very much appreciated. A special word of thanks to Marcel Anteunis for the initial design of the fixed prototype monitoring system; to Dave Derynck, Sam Meurez, Herman Van der Elst, and Tom Versluys for doing the demanding follow-up of both monitoring systems; and to Stéphan Creelle for providing the technical drawing.
References
Bauer, B. O., Lorang, M. S., and Sherman, D. J. (2002). “Estimating boat-wake-induced levee erosion using sediment suspension measurements.” J. Waterway, Port, Coastal, Ocean Eng., 128(4), 152–162.
Boumans, R. M. J., Day, J. W., Kemp, G. P., and Kilgen, K. (1997). “The effect of intertidal sediment fences on wetland surface elevation, wave energy and vegetation establishment in two Louisiana coastal marshes.” Ecol. Eng., 9(1–2), 37–50.
Bundesanstalt für Gewässerkunde (BfG) and Bundesanstalt für Wasserbau (BAW). (2006). “Studies on alternative technical-biological bank protection measures applied on inland waterways. Part 1: Motivation, survey and international research.” Technical Rep. bfg 1484 and BAW 2.04.10151, Karlsruhe, Germany. 〈http://ufersicherung.baw.de/pdfs/berichte/200605_report_1_altern_bank.pdf〉 (Oct. 23, 2008).
Dam, K. T., Tanimoto, K., and Fatimah, E. (2008). “Investigation of ship waves in a narrow channel.” J. Mar. Sci. Technol., 13(3), 223–230.
De Roo, S., and Troch, P. (2010). “Analysis of ship-wave loading on alternative bank protection in a non-tidal waterway.” Proc., 1st European IAHR Congress (CD-ROM), International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR), Madrid, Spain.
Ellis, J. T., Sherman, D. J., Bauer, B. O., and Hart, J. (2002). “Assessing the impact of an organic restoration structure on boat wake energy.” J. Coast. Res., 36(Special Issue), 256–265.
Gharbi, S., Valkov, G., Hamdi, S., and Nistor, I. (2010). “Numerical and field study of ship-induced waves along the St. Lawrence Waterway, Canada.” Nat. Hazards, 54(3), 605–621.
Houser, C. (2010). “Relative importance of vessel-generated and wind waves to salt marsh erosion in a restricted fetch environment.” J. Coast. Res., 26(2), 230–240.
Houser, C. (2011). “Sediment resuspension by vessel-generated waves along the Savannah River, Georgia.” J. Waterway, Port, Coastal, Ocean Eng., 137(5), 246–257.
Hughes, Z. J., Fitzgerald, D. M., Howes, N. C., and Rosen, P. S. (2007). “The impact of natural waves and ferry wakes on bluff erosion and beach morphology in Boston Harbour, USA.” J. Coast. Res., 50(Special Issue), 497–501.
InCom Working Group 99. (2008). “Considerations to reduce environmental impacts of vessels.” Incom Report 99, Permanent International Association for Navigation Congresses (PIANC), Brussels, Belgium.
Nanson, G. C., Von Krusenstierna, A., Bryant, E. A., and Renilson, M. R. (1994). “Experimental measurements of river-bank erosion caused by boat-generated waves on the Gordon River, Tasmania.” River Res. Appl., 9(1), 1–14.
Osborne, P. D., and Boak, E. H. (1999). “Sediment suspension and morphological response under vessel-generated wave groups: Torpedo Bay, Auckland, New Zealand.” J. Coast. Res., 15(2), 388–398.
Parchure, T. M., Davis, J. E., and McAdory, R. T. (2007). “Modeling fine sediment resuspension due to vessel passage.” Proc. Mar. Sci., 8, 449–464.
Parnell, K. E., McDonald, S. C., and Burke, A. E. (2007). “Shoreline effects of vessel wakes, Marlborough Sounds, New Zealand.” J. Coast. Res., 50(Special Issue), 502–506.
Rapaglia, J., Zaggia, L., Ricklefs, K., Gelinas, M., and Bokuniewicz, H. (2011). “Characteristics of ships’ depression waves and associated sediment resuspension in Venice Lagoon, Italy.” J. Mar. Syst., 85(1–2), 45–56.
Schoellhamer, D. H. (1996). “Anthropogenic sediment resuspension mechanisms in a shallow microtidal estuary.” Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 43(5), 533–548.
Sorensen, R. M. (1967). “Investigation of ship-generated waves.” J. Wtrwy. and Harb. Div., 93(1), 85–102.
Taylor, D., Hall, K., and MacDonald, N. (2007). “Investigations into ship induced hydrodynamics and scour in confined shipping channels.” J. Coast. Res., 50(Special Issue), 499–504.
Ten Brinke, W. B. M., Schulze, F. H., and Van Der Veer, P. (2004). “Sand exchange between groyne-field beaches and the navigation channel of the Dutch Rhine: The impact of navigation versus river flow.” River Res. Appl., 20(8), 899–928.
Torsvik, T., Pedersen, G., and Dysthe, K. (2009). “Waves generated by a pressure disturbance moving in a channel of a variable cross-sectional topography.” J. Waterway, Port, Coastal, Ocean Eng., 135(3), 120–123.
Verney, R., Deloffre, J., Brun-Cottan, J.-C., and Lafite, R. (2007). “The effect of wave-induced turbulence on intertidal mudflats: Impact of boat traffic and wind.” Cont. Shelf Res., 27(5), 594–612.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 139 • Issue 6 • November 2013
Pages: 527 - 534
Copyright
© 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jul 26, 2012
Accepted: Mar 11, 2013
Published online: Mar 13, 2013
Published in print: Nov 1, 2013
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.