3D Numerical Modeling of Stratified Flows: Case Study of the Bosphorus Strait
Publication: Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 138, Issue 5
Abstract
The Bosphorus Strait is a typical example of a narrow sea strait and, in general, has a two-layer flow structure. Driven by the water level difference between the Black Sea (north) and the Sea of Marmara (south), a lighter upper layer flows from north to south. A denser lower layer flow is caused by the density difference between the adjacent seas and flows in the opposite direction. In this study, the three-dimensional (3D) flow structure of the Bosphorus strait was modeled using the MIKE 3 hydrodynamic numerical code. Selecting the drag coefficient , buoyancy parameter , and turbulence Prandtl number as calibration parameters, the model was calibrated using genetic algorithms with available current measurements at three different depths for one given location. The root-mean-square errors of the calibrated model were calculated to be 0.266, 0.201, and 0.163 m/s at the depths considered, respectively. The model was also validated temporally, for four different time periods and spatially, at another location in the strait. The validated models show good overall agreement with the field measurements. This paper is also relevant to determining the hydrodynamic design criteria of marine structures, and safe marine navigation in the waterway will be considered.
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Acknowledgments
The writers wish to express their sincere thanks to the General Directorate of the Marmaray Project of the Ministry of Transportation and the General Directorate of Port, Airports and Railways Construction of Turkey for giving them access to Bosphorus Strait measurement data, and the Office of Navigation, Hydrography and Oceanography (ONHO) for bathymetric data. The writers would like to thank Dr. B. Mutlu Sumer from the Technical University of Denmark for constructive comments to improve this study.
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Published In
Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 138 • Issue 5 • September 2012
Pages: 406 - 419
Copyright
© 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Oct 18, 2010
Accepted: Oct 4, 2011
Published online: Aug 15, 2012
Published in print: Sep 1, 2012
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