Joint Operation of Surface and Groundwater to Improve Sustainability Index as Irrigation System Performance: Cyclic Storage and Standard Conjunctive Use Strategies
Publication: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 148, Issue 9
Abstract
A cyclic storage (CS) system is an extension to standard conjunctive use (SCU) of surface water (SW) and groundwater (GW) in which the SW bodies and GW aquifer(s) are treated as physically interconnected and operationally joint parallel storage facilities. Rule-based exchange of regulated water between surface reservoir(s) and GW aquifer(s) is the key element of a CS system that differentiates it from the SCU of SW and GW as usually practiced. This paper presents a novel multiobjective optimization model to develop a tradeoff between the sustainability index of water allocation to irrigated agriculture and energy required for GW pumping. The sustainability index, as defined in this paper, addresses reliability, vulnerability, and resilience. A solution to the large-scale multiperiod, multiobjective, mixed-integer nonlinear model was obtained using the -constraint method. The model maximizes the sustainability index while keeping the pumping energy at its minimum. Results show that CS operation strategy considerably improves the sustainability index compared to the SCU strategy. It is also shown how, for a given sustainability index, the required energy for pumping GW would decrease. Results may help decision-makers identify optimal policies and assess different policies under CS and SCU strategies. Agricultural-sector and system operators must become familiar with the predominance of CS over SCU for its real-world application.
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Data Availability Statement
All data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful to Dr. Alimohammadi at Shahid Beheshti University for providing most of the data used in this research.
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Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 148 • Issue 9 • September 2022
Copyright
© 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
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Received: Oct 15, 2020
Accepted: May 3, 2022
Published online: Jun 16, 2022
Published in print: Sep 1, 2022
Discussion open until: Nov 16, 2022
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