Abstract

At the 2013 World Environmental and Water Resources Congress in Cincinnati, Ohio, the ASCE Task Committee on Research Databases for Water Distribution Systems was formed to develop an online open-access repository of water distribution system hydraulic network files for use in applied scientific research. This paper discusses the development of the resulting database, specific model contributions, available model building toolkits, general methods for system classification, and general information related to the database platform and content. It is hoped that the assembled database will promote the advancement of water distribution research into the next decade.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

Data Availability Statement

Some or all data, models, or code generated or used during the study are available in a repository or online in accordance with funder data retention policies. The digital object identifier (DOI) of this database is https://doi.org/10.13023/kwrri.wdsrd.

Acknowledgments

The initial work described in this paper was based, in part, on research that was funded by the Department of Homeland Security, and administered by the National Institute for Hometown Security, Kentucky Critical Infrastructure Protection Program, under OTA No. HSHQDC-07-3-00005, Subcontract No. 02-10-UK. Subsequent funding has been provided by the Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute at the University of Kentucky. The authors would like to thank the members of the ASCE Water Distribution Research Database Task Committee for their dedication and hard work in helping to compile system information and model files to be included in the database. In addition to the paper authors, members included Graeme Dandy, Sam Hatchett, Rob Janke, Yehuda Kleiner, Kevin Lansey, Juneseok Lee, Michael Mair, Morris Maslia, Idel Montalvo, Victor Ortiz, Lew Rossman, Angus Simpson, Robert Sitzenfrei, Tzatchkov Velitchko, and Thomas Walski. A special thanks go to Kevin Lansey, who provided feedback on the Hwang/Lansey network classification system, and to Tom Walski and Lew Rossman, who provided critical feedback on the final manuscript. A final word of thanks goes to Sriman Pankaj Boindala and Yogesh Gautam, who helped to verify each of the data files.

References

Agrawal, M. L., R. Gupta, and P. R. Bhave. 2007. “Reliability-based strengthening and expansion of water distribution networks.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 133 (6): 531–541. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2007)133:6(531).
Alperovits, E., and U. Shamir. 1977. “Design of optimal water distribution systems.” Water Resour. Res. 13 (6): 885–900. https://doi.org/10.1029/WR013i006p00885.
Bi, W., and G. C. Dandy. 2014. “Optimization of water distribution systems using online retrained metamodels.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 140 (11): 04014032. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000419.
Bragalli, C., C. D’Ambrosio, J. Lee, A. Lodi, and P. Toth. 2008. Water network design by MINLP. Yorktown Heights, NY: IBM Research.
Brumbelow, K., J. Torres, S. Guikema, E. Bristow, and L. Kanta. 2007. “Virtual cities for water distribution and infrastructure system research.” In Proc., World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2007: Restoring our Natural Habitat, edited by K. Kabbes, 1–7. Reston, VA: ASCE. https://doi.org/10.1061/40927(243)469.
Chase, D. V., L. E. Ormsbee, and T. M. Walski. 1988. Reliability of the federally owned water main system. Vicksburg, MS: Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station.
Clark, R. M. 1994. “Applying water quality models.” In Computer modeling of free-surface and pressurized flows, 581–612. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer.
Clark, R. M., L. A. Rossman, and L. J. Wymer. 1995. “Modeling distribution system water quality: Regulatory implications.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 121 (6): 423–428. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1995)121:6(423).
da Conceicao Cunha, M., and L. Ribeiro. 2004. “Tabu search algorithms for water network optimization.” Eur. J. Oper. Res. 157 (3): 746–758. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-2217(03)00242-X.
De Corte, A., and K. Sörensen. 2013. “Optimisation of gravity-fed water distribution network design: A critical review.” Eur. J. Oper. Res. 228 (1): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2012.11.046.
Eliades, D. G., M. Kyriakou, S. Vrachimis, and M. M. Polycarpou. 2017. “EPANET-MATLAB toolkit: An open-source software for interfacing EPANET with MATLAB.” In Proc., 14th Int. Conf. on Computing and Control for the Water Industry (CCWI). Delft, Netherlands: Delft Univ. of Technology. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.831493.
Farmani, R., D. Savic, and G. Walters. 2005. “Evolutionary multi-objective optimization in water distribution network design.” Eng. Optim. 37 (2): 167–183. https://doi.org/10.1080/03052150512331303436.
Fujiwara, O., and D. B. Khang. 1991. “Correction to ‘A two-phase decomposition method for optimal design of looped water distribution networks’ by Okitsugu Fujiwara and Do Ba Khang.” Water Resour. Res. 27 (5): 985–986. https://doi.org/10.1029/91WR00368.
Gessler, J., and T. M. Walski. 1985. Water distribution system optimization. Vicksburg, MS: Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station.
Giustolisi, O., and A. Doglioni. 2005. “Water distribution system failure analysis.” In Proc., 8th Int. Conf. on Computing and Control for the Water Industry; the University of Exeter, Center for Water Systems. Exeter, UK: Univ. of Exeter.
Gupta, R., A. Baby, P. Arya, and L. Ormsbee. 2014. “Upgrading reliability of water distribution networks recognizing valve locations.” Procedia Eng. 89 (Jan): 370–377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.11.201.
Hernandez, E., S. Hoagland, and L. Ormsbee. 2016. “Water distribution database for research applications.” In Proc., World Environmental and Water Congress 2016, 465–474. Reston, VA: ASCE. https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784479865.049.
Hernandez, E., and L. Ormsbee. 2021a. “Segment-based assessment of consequences of failure on water distribution systems.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 147 (4): 04021009. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0001340.
Hernandez, E., and L. Ormsbee. 2021b. “Segment identification procedure for water distribution systems.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 147 (5): 04021013. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0001363.
Hernandez, E., and L. Ormsbee. 2022. “A heuristic for strategic valve placement.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 148 (2): 04021103. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0001497.
Hoagland, S., S. Schal, L. Ormsbee, and S. Bryson. 2015. “Classification of water distribution systems for research applications.” In Proc., World Environment and Water Resources Congress 2015, 696–702. Reston, VA: ASCE. https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784479162.064.
Hwang, H., and K. Lansey. 2017. “Water distribution system classification using system characteristics and graph-theory metrics.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 143 (12): 04017071. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000850.
Jolly, M. D., A. D. Lothes, L. Sebastian Bryson, and L. Ormsbee. 2014. “Research database of water distribution system models.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 140 (4): 410–416. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000352.
Kang, D., and K. Lansey. 2012. “Revisiting optimal water-distribution system design: Issues and a heuristic hierarchical approach.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 138 (3): 208–217. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000165.
Lingireddy, S., and L. Ormsbee. 2002. “Hydraulic network calibration using genetic optimization.” Civ. Environ. Eng. Syst. 19 (1): 13–39. https://doi.org/10.1080/10286600212161.
Maier, H. R., A. R. Simpson, A. C. Zecchin, W. K. Foong, K. Y. Phang, H. Y. Seah, and C. L. Tan. 2003. “Ant colony optimization for design of water distribution systems.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 129 (3): 200–209. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2003)129:3(200).
Mala-Jetmarova, H., N. Sultanova, and D. Savic. 2018. “Lost in optimisation of water distribution systems? A literature review of system design.” Water 10 (3): 307. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10030307.
Marchi, A., G. Dandy, A. Wilkins, and H. Rohrlach. 2014a. “Methodology for comparing evolutionary algorithms for optimization of water distribution systems.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 140 (1): 22–31. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000321.
Marchi, A., E. Salomons, A. Ostfeld, Z. Kapelan, A. R. Simpson, A. C. Zecchin, H. R. Maier, Z. Y. Wu, S. M. Elsayed, and Y. Song. 2014b. “Battle of the water networks II.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 140 (7): 04014009. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000378.
Maslia, M. L., J. B. Sautner, M. M. Aral, J. J. Reyes, J. E. Abraham, and R. C. Williams. 2000. “Using water-distribution system modeling to assist epidemiologic investigations.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 126 (4): 180–198. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2000)126:4(180).
Ormsbee, L., and D. N. Contractor. 1981. “Optimization of hydraulic networks.” In Proc., Int. Symp. on Urban Hydrology, Hydraulics, and Sediment Control, 255–261. Lexington, KY: Univ. of Kentucky.
Ormsbee, L., and A. Kessler. 1990. “Optimal upgrading of hydraulic-network reliability.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 116 (6): 784–802. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1990)116:6(784).
Ormsbee, L. E. 1989. “Implicit pipe network calibration.” ASCE J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 115 (4): 243–257. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1989)115:2(243).
Ormsbee, L. E., and D. J. Wood. 1986. “Hydraulic design algorithms for pipe networks.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 112 (12): 1195–1206. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1986)112:12(1195).
Ostfeld, A., E. Salomons, L. Ormsbee, J. G. Uber, C. M. Bros, P. Kalungi, R. Burd, B. Zazula-Coetzee, T. Belrain, and D. Kang. 2012. “Battle of the water calibration networks.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 138 (5): 523–532. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000191.
Ostfeld, A., J. G. Uber, E. Salomons, J. W. Berry, W. E. Hart, C. A. Phillips, J.-P. Watson, G. Dorini, P. Jonkergouw, and Z. Kapelan. 2008. “The battle of the water sensor networks (BWSN): A design challenge for engineers and algorithms.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 134 (6): 556–568. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2008)134:6(556).
Reca, J., and J. Martínez. 2006. “Genetic algorithms for the design of looped irrigation water distribution networks.” Water Resour. Res. 42 (5): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004383.
Rossman, L. A., and P. F. Boulos. 1996. “Numerical methods for modeling water quality in distribution systems: A comparison.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 122 (2): 137–146. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1996)122:2(137).
Rossman, L. A., R. M. Clark, and W. M. Grayman. 1994. “Modeling chlorine residuals in drinking-water distribution systems.” J. Environ. Eng. 120 (4): 803–820. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1994)120:4(803).
Saldarriaga, J., J. Bohorquez, D. Celeita, L. Vega, D. Paez, D. Savic, G. Dandy, Y. Filion, W. Grayman, and Z. Kapelan. 2019. “Battle of the water networks district metered areas.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 145 (4): 04019002. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0001035.
Schaake, J. C., and F. H. Lai. 1969. Linear programming and dynamic programming application to water distribution network design. Boston: MIT Hydrodynamics Laboratory.
Schal, S., L. S. Bryson, and L. Ormsbee. 2014. “A graphical procedure for sensor-placement guidance for small utilities.” J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 106 (10): E459–E469. https://doi.org/10.5942/jawwa.2014.106.0093.
Sherali, H. D., S. Subramanian, and G. Loganathan. 2001. “Effective relaxations and partitioning schemes for solving water distribution network design problems to global optimality.” J. Global Optim. 19 (1): 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008368330827.
Sitzenfrei, R. 2010. “Stochastic generation of urban water systems for case study analysis.” Accessed May 11, 2021. https://www.uibk.ac.at/umwelttechnik/teaching/phd/diss_sitzenfrei.pdf.
Sitzenfrei, R., and M. Mair. 2021. Dynamic virtual infrastructure benchmarking (DynaVIBe). Innsbruck, Austria: Univ. of Innsbruck.
University of Bologna. 2021. “Library of codes and instances page.” Operations Research Group Bologna. Accessed May 11, 2021. https://or.dei.unibo.it/library.
University of Exeter. 2021. “Centre for water systems.” Accessed May 11, 2021. http://emps.exeter.ac.uk/engineering/research/cws/resources/benchmarks/expansion/.
University of Exeter Centre for Water Systems. 2021. “Centre for water systems.” Accessed May 11, 2021. https://emps.exeter.ac.uk/engineering/research/cws/resources/benchmarks/.
University of Kentucky. 2022. “Water distribution system research database.” Accessed March 7, 2022. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/wdsrd/.
Vasconcelos, J. J., L. A. Rossman, W. M. Grayman, P. F. Boulos, and R. M. Clark. 1997. “Kinetics of chlorine decay.” J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 89 (7): 54–65. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1997.tb08259.x.
Von Huben, H. 2005. Water distribution operator training handbook. Denver: American Water Works Association (AWWA).
Walski, T. M. 1984. Application of procedures for testing and evaluating water distribution systems. Vicksburg, MS: Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station.
Walski, T. M., et al. 1987. “Battle of the network models: Epilogue.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 113 (2): 191–203. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1987)113:2(191).
Wang, Q., M. Guidolin, D. Savic, and Z. Kapelan. 2014. “Two-objective design of benchmark problems of a water distribution system via MOEAs: Towards the best-known approximation of the true Pareto front.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 141 (3): 04014060. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000460.
Wood, D. J. 1980. User’s manual: Computer analysis of flow in pipe networks including extended period simulations, 40506. Lexington, KY: Univ. of Kentucky.
Wood, D. J., and C. O. Charles. 1972. “Hydraulic network analysis using linear theory.” J. Hydraul. Div. 98 (7): 1157–1170. https://doi.org/10.1061/JYCEAJ.0003348.
Wood, D. J., and A. G. Rayes. 1981. “Reliability of algorithms for pipe network analysis.” J. Hydraul. Div. 107 (10): 1145–1161. https://doi.org/10.1061/JYCEAJ.0005739.
Zheng, F., A. R. Simpson, and A. C. Zecchin. 2014. “An efficient hybrid approach for multi-objective optimization of water distribution systems.” Water Resour. Res. 50 (5): 3650–3671. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013WR014143.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 148Issue 8August 2022

History

Received: Nov 6, 2021
Accepted: Jan 27, 2022
Published online: May 18, 2022
Published in print: Aug 1, 2022
Discussion open until: Oct 18, 2022

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Lindell Ormsbee, Ph.D., F.ASCE [email protected]
P.E.
D.WRE
P.H.
Director, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, Univ. of Kentucky, 504 Rose St., 233 Mining and Minerals Bldg., Lexington, KY 40506 (corresponding author). Email: [email protected]
Steven Hoagland, A.M.ASCE [email protected]
Graduate Student, Charles Edward Via Jr. Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, 750 Drillfield Dr., Blacksburg, VA 24061. Email: [email protected]
Erika Hernandez, Ph.D., A.M.ASCE [email protected]
Intelligent Water Engineer, Arcadis, 222 S. Main St., Akron, OH 44308. Email: [email protected]
Graduate Student, Dept. of Water Resources Engineering, Lund Univ., Lund 223 62, Sweden. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1133-0799. Email: [email protected]
Avi Ostfeld, Ph.D., F.ASCE [email protected]
Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel. Email: [email protected]

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

  • Real-Time Scheduling of Pumps in Water Distribution Systems Based on Exploration-Enhanced Deep Reinforcement Learning, Systems, 10.3390/systems11020056, 11, 2, (56), (2023).

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share