Performance Assessment of Water Distribution Systems Subject to Leakage and Temporal Variability of Water Demand
Publication: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 146, Issue 1
Abstract
A water distribution system (WDS) is designed and managed to provide a reliable water supply, that is, to properly respond to water user demand, particularly in critical operating conditions such as in times of peak demand. Therefore, the assessment of the influence of water demand characteristics is an essential requirement in the context of WDS reliability. In this paper the impact of the pattern of hourly demand on WDS performance is analyzed for a system subject to aging processes and temporary pipe unavailability and affected by water losses with different leakage levels. The hydraulic deficit that can occur when the pressure falls below the minimum service value is used as a performance index, and its relevance is analyzed without and with preventive maintenance. The case of the synthetic Anytown network is analyzed, but the procedure has general validity and can be applied to any real WDS. Defined in a prescribed temporal horizon the pipe replacement prioritization without preventive maintenance, the effects of pipe substitutions are analysed as a function of different scheduling times to quantify the reduction of the hydraulic deficit. The results show the capability of the proposed approach to define a pipe replacement prioritization and the related scheduling time, in view of the relevance that these aspects could have in any economic analysis developed to define a proper maintenance strategy.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data, models, or code generated or used during the study are available from the corresponding author by request.
References
Alvisi, S., and M. Franchini. 2009. “Multiobjective optimization of rehabilitation and leakage detection scheduling in water distribution systems.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 135 (6): 426–439. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2009)135:6(426).
Araujo, L. S., H. Ramos, and S. T. Coelho. 2006. “Pressure control for leakage minimisation in water distribution systems management.” Water Resour. Manage. 20 (1): 133–149. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-006-4635-3.
Cassa, A. M., and J. E. Van Zyl. 2014. “Predicting the leakage exponents of elastically deforming cracks in pipes.” Procedia Eng. 70: 302–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.02.034.
Creaco, E., P. Signori, S. Papiri, and C. Ciaponi. 2018. “Peak demand assessment and hydraulic analysis in WDN design.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 144 (6): 04018022. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000935.
Dandy, G. C., and M. Engelhardt. 2006. “Multi-objective trade-offs between cost and reliability in the replacement of water mains.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 132 (2): 79–88. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2006)132:2(79).
Darvini, G. 2014. “Comparative analysis of different probability distributions of random parameters in the assessment of water distribution system reliability.” J. Hydroinf. 16 (2): 272–287. https://doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2013.201.
Darvini, G., P. Salandin, and L. Da Deppo. 2009. “Coping with uncertainty in the reliability evaluation of water distribution systems.” In Proc., 10th Annual Water Distribution Systems Analysis Conf., 483–498. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Engelhardt, M. O., P. J. Skipworth, D. A. Savic, A. J. Saul, and G. A. Walters. 2000. “Rehabilitation strategies for water distribution networks: A literature review with a UK perspective.” Urban Water 2 (2): 153–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1462-0758(00)00053-4.
Germanopoulos, G. 2007. “A technical note on the inclusion of pressure dependent demand and leakage terms in water supply network models.” Civ. Eng. Syst. 2 (3): 171–179. https://doi.org/10.1080/02630258508970401.
Giustolisi, O., D. Laucelli, and D. A. Savic. 2006. “Development of rehabilitation plans for water mains replacement considering risk and cost-benefit assessment.” Civ. Eng. Environ. Syst. 23 (3): 175–190. https://doi.org/10.1080/10286600600789375.
Giustolisi, O., D. A. Savic, and Z. Kapelan. 2008. “Pressure-driven demand and leakage simulation for water distribution networks.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 134 (5): 626–635. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2008)134:5(626).
Herrera, M., L. Torgo, J. Izquierdo, and R. Perez-Garcia. 2010. “Predictive models for forecasting hourly urban water demand.” J. Hydrol. 387 (1–2): 141–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.04.005.
ISTAT (Istituto Nazionale di Statisti). 2018. “Giornata mondiale dell’acqua—Le statistiche dell’Istat.” [In Italian.] Accessed March 22, 2018. http://istat.it.
Kleiner, Y., B. J. Adams, and J. S. Rogers. 1998. “Long-term planning methodology for water distribution system rehabilitation.” Water Resour. Res. 34 (8): 2039–2051. https://doi.org/10.1029/98WR00377.
Mala-Jetmarova, H., N. Sultanova, and D. Savic. 2018. “Lost in optimisation of water distribution systems? A literature review of system design.” Water 10 (3): 307. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10030307.
Mazumder, R. K., A. M. Salman, Y. Li, and X. Yu. 2019. “Reliability analysis of water distribution systems using physical probabilistic pipe failure method.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 145 (2): 04018097. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0001034.
Milano, V. 2012. Acquedotti. [In Italian.] Milano, Italy: Hoepli.
Nafi, A., and Y. Kleiner. 2010. “Scheduling renewal of water pipes while considering adjacency of infrastructure works and economies of scale.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 136 (5): 519–530. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000062.
Pelletier, G., A. Mailhot, and J. Villeneuve. 2003. “Modeling water pipe breaks—Three case studies.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage., 129 (2): 115–123. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2003)129:2(115).
Roshani E., and Y. R. Filion. 2014. “Event-based approach to optimize the timing of water main rehabilitation with asset management strategies.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 140 (6): 04014004. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000392.
Ruzza, V., E. Crestani, G. Darvini, and P. Salandin. 2015. “Losses identification in water distribution networks through EnKF and ES.” J. Appl. Water Eng. Res. 3 (1): 12–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/23249676.2015.1032373.
Salandin P. 2003. “Affidabilità globale dei sistemi di distribuzione idropotabile.” [In Italian.] In Tecniche per la difesa dall’inquinamento, edited by G. Frega, 673–701. Cosenza, Italy: Editoriale Bios.
Shamir, U., and C. Howard. 1979. “Analytic approach to scheduling pipe replacement.” J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 71 (5): 248–258. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1979.tb04345.x.
Sharp, W. W., and T. M. Walski. 1988. “Predicting internal roughness in water mains.” J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 80 (11): 34–40. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1988.tb03132.x.
Todini, E. 2003. “A more realistic approach to the “extended period simulation” of water distribution networks.” In Advances in water supply management, edited by C. Maksimovic, D. Butler, and F. A. Memon, 173–184. Lisse, Netherlands: Balkema.
Todini, E., and S. Pilati. 1988. “A gradient algorithm for the analysis of pipe networks.” In Computer applications in water supply: Vol. 1—System analysis and simulation, 1–20. London: Wiley.
Wagner, J. M., U. Shamir, and D. H. Marks. 1988. “Water distribution reliability: Simulation methods.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 114 (3): 276–294. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1988)114:3(276).
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
©2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Nov 7, 2018
Accepted: May 13, 2019
Published online: Nov 6, 2019
Published in print: Jan 1, 2020
Discussion open until: Apr 6, 2020
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.