Multiobjective Optimization of Control Valve Installation and DMA Creation for Reducing Leakage in Water Distribution Networks
Publication: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 145, Issue 10
Abstract
This paper presents a novel methodology for optimizing simultaneously the installation of control valves and the creation of district metered areas (DMAs) in water distribution networks (WDNs). This methodology was developed through the multiobjective approach, by considering, as decisional variables, the sites for control valve installation and isolation valve closure. The proposed algorithm is based on the hybrid combination of three algorithms, a multiobjective genetic algorithm, which is entrusted with valve site search, and two embedded algorithms, the first based on iterated linear programming (LP) and the second based on graph theory, aimed at searching for the optimal settings of control valves and at partitioning the WDN into DMAs, respectively. The hybrid algorithm attempts to find optimal solutions in the trade-off between the following objective functions to be optimized simultaneously: total installation cost, daily leakage volume, and demand uniformity across DMAs. The applications to a small Lebanese WDN proved that the methodology can find, especially for high values of the total installation cost, effective control valve installations, and isolation valve closures in terms of leakage abatement while obtaining a uniform distribution of demands across DMAs.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
The data used for the calculations are made available upon request by the authors of the paper.
Acknowledgments
This work was done within the project Energy and Leakage Optimization in Lebanese Water Distribution Networks, funded by the Lebanese University. The authors wish to thank the anonymous reviewers, who provided very useful comments for the improvement of the paper.
References
Ali, M. E. 2015. “Knowledge-based optimization model for control valve locations in water distribution networks.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 141 (1): 04014048. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000438.
Araujo, L., H. Ramos, and S. Coelho. 2006. “Pressure control for leakage minimisation in water distribution systems management.” Water Resour. Manage. 20 (1): 133–149. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-006-4635-3.
Ciaponi, C., E. Murari, and S. Todeschini. 2016. “Modularity-based procedure for partitioning water distribution systems into independent districts.” Water Resour. Manage. 30 (6): 2021–2036. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-016-1266-1.
Clauset, A., M. E. J. Newman, and C. Moore. 2004. “Finding community structure in very large networks.” Phys. Rev. E 70 (6): 066111. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.70.066111.
Covelli, C., L. Cozzolino, L. Cimorrelli, R. Della Morte, and D. Pianese. 2016. “Optimal location and setting of PRVs in WDS for leakage minimization.” Water Resour. Manage. 30 (5): 1803–1817. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-016-1252-7.
Creaco, E., M. Franchini, and E. Todini. 2016. “The combined use of resilience and loop diameter uniformity as a good indirect measure of network reliability.” Urban Water J. 13 (2): 167–181. https://doi.org/10.1080/1573062X.2014.949799.
Creaco, E., and G. Pezzinga. 2015a. “Embedding linear programming in multi objective genetic algorithms for reducing the size of the search space with application to leakage minimization in water distribution networks.” Environ. Modell. Software 69 (Jul): 308–318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.10.013.
Creaco, E., and G. Pezzinga. 2015b. “Multi-objective optimization of pipe replacements and control valve installations for leakage attenuation in water distribution networks.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 141 (3): 04014059. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000458.
Creaco, E., and G. Pezzinga. 2018. “Comparison of algorithms for the optimal location of control valves for leakage reduction in WDNs.” Water 10 (4): 466. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/w10040466.
Creaco, E., and T. Walski. 2017. “Economic analysis of pressure control for leakage and pipe burst reduction.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 143 (12): 04017074. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000846.
Deb, K., S. Agrawal, A. Pratapm, and T. Meyarivan. 2002. “A fast and elitist multi-objective genetic algorithm: NSGA-II.” IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput. 6 (2): 182–197. https://doi.org/10.1109/4235.996017.
De Paola, F., E. Galdiero, and M. Giugni. 2017. “Location and setting of valves in water distribution networks using a harmony search approach.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 143 (6): 04017015.https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000760.
Diao, K., Y. Zhou, and W. Rauch. 2013. “Automated creation of district metered area boundaries in water distribution systems.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 139 (2): 184–190.https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000247.
Di Nardo, A., M. Di Natale, C. Giudicianni, R. Greco, and G. F. Santonastaso. 2018a. “Water distribution network clustering: Graph partitioning or spectral algorithms?” In Complex networks & their applications VI. Complex networks 2017. Studies in computational intelligence, edited by C. Cherifi, H. Cherifi, M. Karsai, and M. Musolesi, Vol. 689, 1197–1209. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.122653799.
Di Nardo, A., C. Giudicianni, R. Greco, M. Herrera, and G. F. Santonastaso. 2018b. “Applications of graph spectral techniques to water distribution network management.” Water 10 (1): 45 https://doi.org/10.3390/w10010045.
Farley, M., and S. Trow. 2003. Losses in water distribution networks. London: IWA Publishing.
Ferrari, G., D. Savic, and G. Becciu. 2014. “Graph-theoretic approach and sound engineering principles for design of districted metered areas.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 140 (12): 04014036. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000424.
Galdiero, E., F. De Paola, N. Fontana, M. Giugni, and D. Savic. 2016. “Decision support system for the optimal design of district metered areas.” J. Hydroinf. 18 (1): 49–61. https://doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2015.023.
Girvan, M., and M. E. J. Newman. 2002. “Community structure in social and biological networks.” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 99 (12): 7821–7826. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.122653799.
Giustolisi, O., and L. Ridolfi. 2014. “New modularity-based approach to segmentation of water distribution networks.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 140 (10): 04014049. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000916.
Jowitt, P. W., and C. Xu. 1990. “Optimal valve control in water-distribution networks.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 116 (4): 455–472. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1990)116:4(455).
Laucelli, D. B., A. Simone, L. Berardi, and O. Giustolisi. 2017. “Optimal design of district metering areas for the reduction of leakages.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 143 (6): 04017017. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000768.
Liberatore, S., and G. M. Sechi. 2009. “Location and calibration of valves in water distribution networks using a scatter-search meta-heuristic approach.” Water Resour. Manage. 23 (8): 1479–1495. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-008-9337-6.
Liu, H., M. Zhao, C. Zhang, and G. Fu. 2018. “Comparing topological partitioning methods for district metered areas in the water distribution network.” Water 10 (4): 368. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10040368.
Liu, J., and R. Han. 2018. “Spectral clustering and multicriteria decision for design of district metered areas.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 144 (5): 04018013. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000916.
May, J., 1994. “Leakage, pressure and control.” In Proc. BICS Int. Conf. on Leakage Control Investigation in underground Assets. London: BICS.
Nicolini, M., and L. Zovatto. 2009. “Optimal location and control of pressure reducing valves in water networks.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 135 (3): 178–187. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2009)135:3(178).
Perelman, L., and A. Ostfeld. 2012. “Water-distribution systems simplifications through clustering.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 138 (3): 218–229. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000173.
Pezzinga, G., and R. Gueli. 1999. “Discussion of optimal location of control valves in pipe networks by genetic algorithm.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 125 (1): 65–67. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1999)125:1(65).
Reis, L., R. Porto, and F. Chaudhry. 1997. “Optimal location of control valves in pipe networks by genetic algorithm.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 123 (6): 317–326. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1997)123:6(317).
Rossman, L. A. 2000. EPANET 2 users manual. Washington, DC: USEPA.
Talbi, E. G. 2002. “A taxonomy of hybrid metaheuristics.” J. Heuristics 8 (5): 541–564. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016540724870.
Vairavamoorthy, K., and J. Lumbers. 1998. “Leakage reduction in water distribution systems: Optimal valve control.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 124 (11): 1146–1154. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1998)124:11(1146).
Van Zyl, J. E., and A. M. Cassa. 2014. “Modeling elastically deforming leaks in water distribution pipes.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 140 (2): 182–189. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000813.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 145 • Issue 10 • October 2019
Copyright
©2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jul 24, 2018
Accepted: Feb 28, 2019
Published online: Aug 14, 2019
Published in print: Oct 1, 2019
Discussion open until: Jan 14, 2020
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.