Demand-Driven Spatiotemporal Variations of Flow Hydraulics and Water Age by Comparative Modeling Analysis of Distribution Network
Publication: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 144, Issue 12
Abstract
Distribution network modeling is proposed to investigate and manage water quality variations in a distribution network. Common practice in the modeling relies on pipe network simplification through skeletonization and uses water demand patterns that are often generalized or derived from historical monthly water usage records. Because automatic water meter reading (AMR) and the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) technologies are widely used, it is possible now to explore the hydraulic complexity in the network. Processes such as stochastic and pulse water demand on solute transport characteristics can be investigated. Fidelity and appropriateness of network modeling by network simplification can be quantified. In this paper, the modeling performance on network simplification are assessed using real-time water demand measurements and comparative network simulations for an independent segment of a large water utility in the United States. An all-pipe all-demand (APAD) model and an hourly demand variation curve (HDVC) demand model are simulated for the same network operations. Results show the prevalence of intermittent and pulse water demand particularly in network perimeters and dead-end branches. The results also highlight different node hydraulic properties such as R, water age, and flow oscillation when water demand in the APAD model is replaced by HDVC-based time-continuous generalized demand patterns. The degree of such difference varies specific to the distribution network configurations such as H-loop, branches, and dead-ends. These additional insights provide further understanding of the varying flow properties and their impacts on the movement of water parcels in pipe configurations. It is suggested that APAD network simulation be used for accuracy-demanding water quality simulation.
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Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful to the contribution of Aptim, Greater Cincinnati Water Works (GCWW), and EPA personnel in real-time water demand data collection and distribution network studies. This research was performed under the EPA’s Safe and Sustainable Water Resources (SSWR) program project 4.2 (Water Cluster) and Oak Ridge Institute of Science and Education (ORISE) fellowship. The present research is also funded in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51478417) and the Zhejiang Science and Technology Plan Project (No. 2017C33174). The manuscript has been subjected to the Agency’s administrative review and has been approved for external publication. Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency; therefore, no official endorsement should be inferred. Any mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
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Published In
Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 144 • Issue 12 • December 2018
Copyright
©2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Oct 30, 2017
Accepted: May 17, 2018
Published online: Sep 19, 2018
Published in print: Dec 1, 2018
Discussion open until: Feb 19, 2019
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