Operation and Cost-Effectiveness of Local and Remote RTC
Publication: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 144, Issue 11
Abstract
This paper analyses the cost-effectiveness of two different variants of real-time pressure control (RTC) of valves in water distribution networks (WDNs), namely, the local and remote RTC. The system considered for RTC application is made up of a WDN pressure zone fed through a single-control valve. Whereas both variants of RTC are based on dynamically adjusting the valve settings, the main difference lies in the source of the measurements used, that is, local measurements taken at the valve site and remote measurements from the critical node, respectively. The analysis was carried out considering RTC installation costs and operational costs associated with water production and expected pipe burst repairs, while taking as benchmark the no-control scenario. The two kinds of operational cost were evaluated through pressure-driven extended-period simulation with stochastic nodal demands and empirical modeling, respectively. The results pointed out that the local RTC is more cost-effective for small pressure zones. Resorting to remote RTC is justified only for larger systems.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Berardi, L., D. Laucelli, R. Ugarelli, and O. Giustolisi. 2015. “Leakage management: Planning remote real time controlled pressure reduction in Oppegård municipality.” Procedia Eng. 119 (1): 72–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.08.855.
Campisano, A., E. Creaco, and C. Modica. 2010. “RTC of valves for leakage reduction in water supply networks.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 136 (1): 138–141. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2010)136:1(138).
Campisano, A., C. Modica, S. Reitano, R. Ugarelli, and S. Bagherian. 2016. “Field-oriented methodology for real-time pressure control to reduce leakage in water distribution networks.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 142 (12): 04016057. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000697.
Campisano, A., C. Modica, and L. Vetrano. 2012. “Calibration of proportional controllers for the RTC of pressures to reduce leakage in water distribution networks.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 138 (4): 377–384. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000197.
Creaco, E., A. Campisano, M. Franchini, and C. Modica. 2017. “Unsteady flow modelling of pressure real time control in water distribution networks.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 143 (9): 04017056. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000821.
Creaco, E., A. Campisano, and C. Modica. 2018. “Testing behavior and effects of PRVs and RTC valves during hydrant activation scenarios.” Urban Water J. 15 (3): 218–226. https://doi.org/10.1080/1573062X.2018.1424214.
Creaco, E., and M. Franchini. 2013. “A new algorithm for the real time pressure control in water distribution networks.” Water Sci. Technol. Water Supply 13 (4): 875–882. https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2013.074.
Creaco, E., M. Franchini, and S. Alvisi. 2012. “Evaluating water demand shortfalls in segment analysis.” Water Resour. Manage. 26 (8): 2301–2321. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-012-0018-0.
Creaco, E., and T. Walski. 2017. “Economic analysis of pressure control for leakage and pipe burst reduction.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 143 (12): 04017074. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000846.
Deb, A. K., J. Snyder, J. O. Hammell, S. B. McCammon, and H. Jun. 2007. Criteria for valve location and system reliability, 204. Denver: American Water Works Research Foundation.
Farley, M., and S. Trow. 2003. Losses in water distribution networks. London: IWA.
Ferrante, M., S. Meniconi, and B. Brunone. 2014. “Local and global leak laws.” Water Resour. Manage. 28 (11): 3761–3782. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-014-0708-x.
Fontana, N., M. Giugni, L. Glielmo, and G. Marini. 2018. “Real time control of a PRV in water distribution networks for pressure regulation: Theoretical framework and laboratory experiments.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 144 (1): 04017075. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000855.
Lambert, A., M. Fantozzi, and J. Thornton. 2013. “Practical approaches to modeling leakage and pressure management in distribution systems–progress since 2005.” In Proc., 12th International Conference on Computing and Control for the Water Industry. New York: Elsevier.
Page, P. R., A. M. Abu-Mahfouz, and S. Yoyo. 2017. “Parameter-less remote real-time control for the adjustment of pressure in water distribution systems.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 143 (9): 04017050. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000805.
Schwaller, J., and J. E. van Zyl. 2015. “Modeling the pressure-leakage response of water distribution systems based on individual leak behavior.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 141 (5): 04014089. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000984.
Sullivan, W. G., E. M. Wicks, and C. P. Koelling. 2015. Engineering economy. 16th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Thornton, J., and A. Lambert. 2006. “Managing pressures to reduce new break frequencies, and improve infrastructure management.” Water, December 21, 2006.
Todini, E., and S. Pilati. 1988. “A gradient method for the solution of looped pipe networks.” In Vol. 1 of Computer applications in water supply, edited by B. Coulbeck and C. H. Orr, 1–20. London: Wiley.
van Zyl, J. E., A. O. Lambert, and R. Collins. 2017. “Realistic modeling of leakage and intrusion flow through leak openings in pipes.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 143 (9): 04017030. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0001346.
Walski, M., D. Chase, D. Savic, W. Grayman, S. Beckwith, and E. Koelle. 2003. Advanced water distribution modelling and management. Waterbury, CT: Haestad.
Wu, Z. 2011. Water loss reduction. Exton, PA: Bentley Systems.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
©2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Oct 31, 2017
Accepted: May 16, 2018
Published online: Aug 20, 2018
Published in print: Nov 1, 2018
Discussion open until: Jan 20, 2019
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.