Simple Method for Calculating Hydraulic Behavior of Combined Sewer Overflow from Rainfall Event Data
Publication: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 144, Issue 10
Abstract
This paper proposes a simple method for estimating the hydraulic behavior of combined sewer overflow (CSO) using only rainfall data. The method analyzes rainfall event time-series data to extract the critical rainfall intensity (the threshold for the occurrence of CSO) and uses the results to calculate quantities such as response time, duration, and runoff depth. Thresholds at 67 urban outfalls in Tokyo were identified from combined sewer simulation modeling using real-world rainfall data. CSO hydraulic behavior at these outfalls during 117 rainfall events, calculated using the simplified method, was strongly correlated with simulated results ( value in of outfalls). The aggregated CSO depths from the whole 3,481 ha drainage area, determined for seven types of rainfall events using simulations and the simplified calculation method, differed by no more than 18%. These results indicate that event-based time-series rainfall data can yield accurate predictions of CSO behavior, and the simplicity and speed of calculation of the proposed method may make it an effective alternative to complex simulation models for stormwater management. Furthermore, the process of calculating CSO parameters reveals the underlying relationship between rainfall and CSO hydraulic behavior.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This work was fully supported by the Research Center for Water Environment Technology at the University of Tokyo. During the period of paper writing and submission, the author was also partially supported by the Education Department of Jiangxi, China (No. GJJ170503) and by the Shenzhen Science and Innovation Commission (No. JSGG20160428181710653).
References
Achleitner, S., S. Fach, T. Einfalt, and W. Rauch. 2009. “Nowcasting of rainfall and of combined sewage flow in urban drainage systems.” Water Sci. Technol. 59 (6): 1145–1151. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.098.
Artina, S., A. Bolognesi, T. Liserra, and M. Maglionico. 2007. “Simulation of a storm sewer network in industrial area: Comparison between models calibrated through experimental data.” Environ. Modell. Software 22 (8): 1221–1228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2006.11.002.
Åström, J., T. J. R. Pettersson, T. A. Stenström, and O. Bergstedt. 2009. “Variability analysis of pathogen and indicator loads from urban sewer systems along a river.” Water Sci. Technol. 59 (2): 203–212. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.860.
Blumensaat, F., M. Wolfram, and P. Krebs. 2012. “Sewer model development under minimum data requirements.” Environ. Earth Sci. 65 (5): 1427–1437. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-011-1146-1.
Campisano, A., E. Creaco, and C. Modica. 2016. “Application of real-time control techniques to reduce water volume discharges from quality-oriented CSO devices.” J. Environ. Eng. 142 (1): 04015049. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0001013.
Chebbo, G., M. C. Gromaire, M. Ahyerre, and S. Garnaud. 2001. “Production and transport of urban wet weather pollution in combined sewer systems: The ‘Marais’ experimental urban catchment in Paris.” Urban Water 3 (1–2): 3–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1462-0758(01)00029-2.
Chow, V. T. 1959. Open channel hydraulics, 680. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Cozzolino, L., L. Cimorelli, C. Covelli, C. Mucherino, and D. Pianese. 2015. “An innovative approach for drainage network sizing.” Water 7 (2): 546–567. https://doi.org/10.3390/w7020546.
Gooré Bi, E., F. Monette, and J. Gasperi. 2015. “Analysis of the influence of rainfall variables on urban effluents concentrations and fluxes in wet weather.” J. Hydrol. 523: 320–332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.01.017.
Ham, Y. S., H. Kobori, and M. Takasago. 2009. “Effects of combined sewer overflow and stormwater on indicator bacteria concentrations in the Tama River due to the high population density of Tokyo metropolitan area.” Environ. Monit. Assess. 152 (1–4): 459–468. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-008-0330-6.
Hata, A., H. Katayama, K. Kojima, S. Sano, I. Kasuga, M. Kitajima, and H. Furumai. 2014. “Effects of rainfall events on the occurrence and detection efficiency of viruses in river water impacted by combined sewer overflows.” Sci. Total Environ. 468–469: 757–763. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.08.093.
Horton, R. E. 1940. “An approach towards a physical interpretation of infiltration capacity.” Soil Sci. Soc. Am. 5: 399–417. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1941.036159950005000C0075x.
JAWWA (Journal American Water Works Association). 1981. Environmental laws and regulations in Japan (III) water. Denver: JAWWA.
Katayama, H., K. Okuma, H. Furumai, and S. Ohgaki. 2004. “Series of surveys for enteric viruses and indicator organisms in Tokyo Bay after an event of combined sewer overflow.” Water Sci. Technol. 50 (1): 259–262. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0064.
Kim, W. J., S. Managaki, H. Furumai, and F. Nakajima. 2008. “Simulation of the behavior of indicator microorganisms in combined sewer system.” In Proc., 11th Int. Conf. on Urban Drainage. London: International Water Association.
Mailhot, A., G. Talbot, and B. Lavallée. 2015. “Relationships between rainfall and combined sewer overflow (CSO) occurrences.” J. Hydrol. 523: 602–609. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.01.063.
Montserrat, A., L. Bosch, M. A. Kiser, M. Poch, and L. Corominas. 2015. “Using data from monitoring combined sewer overflows to assess, improve, and maintain combined sewer systems.” Sci. Total Environ. 505: 1053–1061. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.10.087.
Palumbo, A., L. Cimorelli, C. Covelli, L. Cozzolino, C. Mucherino, and D. Pianese. 2014. “Optimal design of urban drainage networks.” Civ. Eng. Environ. Syst. 31 (1): 79–96. https://doi.org/10.1080/10286608.2013.820277.
Piro, P., M. Carbone, G. Garofalo, and J. J. Sansalone. 2010. “Management of combined sewer overflows based on observations from the urbanized Liguori catchment of Cosenza, Italy.” Water Sci. Technol. 61 (1): 135–143. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.805.
Pleau, M., H. Colas, P. Lavallée, G. Pelletier, and R. Bonin. 2005. “Global optimal real-time control of the Quebec urban drainage system.” J. Environ. Modell. Software 20 (4): 401–413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2004.02.009.
Schroeder, K., M. Riechel, A. Matzinger, P. Rouault, H. Sonnenberg, E. Pawlowsky-Reusing, and R. Gnirss. 2011. “Evaluation of effectiveness of combined sewer overflow control measures by operational data.” Water Sci. Technol. 63 (2): 325–330. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.058.
Semadeni-Davies, A., C. Hernebring, G. Svensson, and L.-G. Gustafsson. 2008. “The impacts of climate change and urbanisation on drainage in Helsingborg, Sweden: Combined sewer system.” J. Hydrol. 350 (1–2): 100–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.05.028.
Thorndahl, S., and P. Willems. 2008. “Probabilistic modelling of overflow, surcharge and flooding in urban drainage using the first-order reliability method and parameterization of local rain series.” Water Res. 42 (1–2): 455–466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2007.07.038.
USEPA (US Environmental Protection Agency). 2006. Real time control of urban drainage systems. Washington, DC: USEPA.
Wisner, P. E., W. G. Clarke, and A. F. Roake. 1981. “Studies for abatement of pollution from combined sewer overflows in Canada.” J. Hydrol. 51 (1–4): 329–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(81)90141-4.
Yu, Y., K. Kojima, K. An, and H. Furumai. 2013. “Cluster analysis for characterization of rainfalls and CSO behaviours in an urban drainage area of Tokyo.” Water Sci. Technol. 68 (3): 544–551. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.253.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 144 • Issue 10 • October 2018
Copyright
©2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jun 14, 2017
Accepted: Mar 9, 2018
Published online: Jul 18, 2018
Published in print: Oct 1, 2018
Discussion open until: Dec 18, 2018
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.