Pressure Management of Water Distribution Systems via the Remote Real-Time Control of Variable Speed Pumps
Publication: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 143, Issue 8
Abstract
Low and constant pressure can be maintained throughout a water distribution system by setting the pressure at remote consumer locations and using the pressure to control the speed of a variable speed pump (VSP). The prospect of incorporating hydraulics theory into a controller is investigated, with the goal of improving on generic controllers. Five new controllers are proposed here, four of which depend on hydraulics theory. These controllers, which set the speed of the VSP, are investigated numerically. A parameter-dependent controller that does not require the flow in the pump to be known is developed and shown to significantly improve on the performance of conventional (parameter-dependent) proportional control (PC). Next, a parameter-free controller that requires the flow in the pump to be known is proposed and shown to outperform PC, even though PC has a tunable parameter, and perform comparably to the best new parameter-dependent controllers. The parameter-dependent controllers (when optimally tuned) perform best overall. The efficacy of many of the new controllers shows that hydraulics theory can lead to improved controllers.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Abu-Mahfouz, A. M., Hamam, Y., Page, P. R., Djouani, K., and Kurien, A. (2016). “Real-time dynamic hydraulic model for potable water loss reduction.” 12th Int. Conf. on Hydroinformatics, HIC 2016, Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 99–106.
Araujo, L. S., Ramos, H., and Coelho, S. T. (2006). “Pressure control for leakage minimisation in water distribution systems management.” Water Resour. Manage., 20(1), 133–149.
Bakker, M., Rajewicz, T., Kien, H., Vreeburg, J. H. G., and Rietveld, L. C. (2014). “Advanced control of a water supply system: A case study.” Water Pract. Technol., 9(2), 264–276.
Bezerra, S. T. M., Silva, S. A., and Gomes, H. P. (2012). “Operational optimisation of water supply networks using a fuzzy system.” Water SA, 38(4), 565–572.
Campisano, A., Creaco, E., and Modica, C. (2010). “RTC of valves for leakage reduction in water supply networks.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage., 138–141.
Campisano, A., Modica, C., and Vetrano, L. (2012). “Calibration of proportional controllers for the RTC of pressures to reduce leakage in water distribution networks.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage., 377–384.
Creaco, E., and Franchini, M. (2013). “A new algorithm for real-time pressure control in water distribution networks.” Water Sci. Technol.: Water Supply, 13(4), 875–882.
Giugni, M., Fontana, N., and Ranucci, A. (2014). “Optimal location of PRVs and turbines in water distribution systems.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage., 06014004.
Giustolisi, O., Campisano, A., Ugarelli, R., Laucelli, D., and Berardi, L. (2015). “Leakage management: WDNetXL pressure control module.” 13th Computer Control for Water Industry Conf., CCWI 2015, Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 82–90.
Hydraulic Institute, Europump, and U.S. DOE. (2004). “Variable speed pumping—A guide to successful applications (executive summary).”, 1–14.
Ingeduld, P. (2007). “Real-time forecasting with EPANET.” World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2007: Restoring Our Natural Habitat, K. C. Kabbes, ed., ASCE, Reston, VA, 1–9.
Jowitt, P. W., and Xu, C. (1990). “Optimal valve control in water distribution networks.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage., 455–472.
Kruger, C. P., Abu-Mahfouz, A. M., and Hancke, G. P. (2015). “Rapid prototyping of a wireless sensor network gateway for the Internet of things using off-the-shelf components.” 2015 IEEE Int. Conf. on Industrial Technology, IEEE, New York, 1926–1931.
Larock, B. E., Jeppson, R. W., and Watters, G. Z. (2000). Hydraulics of pipeline systems, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
Laucelli, D., Berardi, L., and Giustolisi, O. (2015). “WDNetXL: Efficient research transfer for management, planning and design of water distribution networks.” 11th Int. Conf. on Hydroinformatics (HIC 2014), Curran Associates, Red Hook, NY, 3106–3113.
Madonski, R., Nowicki, M., and Herman, P. (2014). “Application of active disturbance rejection controller to water supply system.” 2014 33rd Chinese Control Conf., IEEE, New York, 4401–4405.
Mays, L. W. (2000). Water distribution systems handbook, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Mudumbe, M. J., and Abu-Mahfouz, A. M. (2015). “Smart water meter system for user-centric consumption measurement.” 2015 IEEE 13th Int. Conf. on Industrial Informatics, IEEE, New York, 993–998.
Osman, M. S., Abu-Mahfouz, A. M., Page, P. R., and Yoyo, S. (2016). “Real-time dynamic hydraulic model for water distribution networks: Steady state modelling.” Proc., Sixth IASTED Int. Conf.: Environment and Water Resource Management (AfricaEWRM 2016), ACTA Press, Calgary, Canada, 142–147.
Page, P. R. (2015). “Smart optimisation and sensitivity analysis in water distribution systems.” Smart and Sustainable Built Environments 2015: Proc., J. Gibberd and D. C. U. Conradie, eds., Univ. of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, 101–108.
Page, P. R., Abu-Mahfouz, A. M., and Mothetha, M. L. (2017). “Pressure management of water distribution systems via the remote real-time control of variable speed pumps.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage., in press.
Page, P. R., Abu-Mahfouz, A. M., and Yoyo, S. (2016a). “Parameter-less remote real-time control for the adjustment of pressure in water distribution systems.” Procedia Eng., 154, 391–397.
Page, P. R., Abu-Mahfouz, A. M., and Yoyo, S. (2016b). “Real-time adjustment of pressure to demand in water distribution systems: Parameter-less P-controller algorithm.” 12th Int. Conf. on Hydroinformatics, HIC 2016, Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 391–397.
Press, W. H., Teukolsky, S. A., Vetterling, W. T., and Flannery, B. P. (1992). Numerical recipes in FORTRAN, Cambridge University Press, New York.
Silva, M. J. G., Araújo, C. S., Bezerra, S. T. M., Silva, S. A., Souto, C. R., and Gomes, H. P. (2015a). “Adaptive control system applied in water distribution system with emphasis on energy efficiency.” Engenharia Sanitaria e Ambiental, 20(3), 405–413.
Silva, M. J. G., Araújo, C. S., Bezerra, S. T. M., Souto, C. R., Silva, S. A., and Gomes, H. P. (2015b). “Generalized minimum variance control for water distribution system.” IEEE Latin Am. Trans., 13(3), 651–658.
Vicente, D. J., Garrote, L., Sánchez, R., and Santillán, D. (2015). “Pressure management in water distribution systems: Current status, proposals, and future trends.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage., 04015061.
Walski, T., and Creaco, E. (2016). “Selection of pumping configuration for closed water distribution systems.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage., 04016009.
Wu, Z. Y., Tryby, M., Todini, E., and Walski, T. M. (2009). “Modeling variable-speed pump operations for target hydraulic characteristics.” J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 101(1), 54–64.
Yoyo, S., Page, P. R., Zulu, S., and A’Bear, F. (2016). “Addressing water incidents by using pipe network models.” WISA Biennial 2016 Conf. and Exhibition, WISA, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
©2017 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Oct 12, 2016
Accepted: Mar 16, 2017
Published online: Jun 8, 2017
Published in print: Aug 1, 2017
Discussion open until: Nov 8, 2017
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.