Optimization of Water Distribution Systems Using Online Retrained Metamodels
Publication: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 140, Issue 11
Abstract
This paper proposes the use of online retrained metamodels for the optimization of water distribution system (WDS) design. In these metamodels, artificial neural networks (ANNs) are used to replace the full hydraulic and water quality simulation models and differential evolution (DE) is utilized to carry out the optimization. The ANNs in the proposed online DE-ANN model are retrained periodically during the optimization in order to improve their approximation to the appropriate portion of the search space. In addition, a local search strategy is used to further polish the final solution obtained by the online DE-ANN model. Three case studies are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed online retrained DE-ANN model for which both hydraulic and water quality constraints are considered. In order to enable a performance comparison, a model in which a DE is combined with a full hydraulic and water quality simulation model (DE-EPANET2.0) and an offline DE-ANN model (ANNs are trained only once at the beginning of optimization) are established and applied to each case study. The results obtained show that the proposed online retrained DE-ANN model consistently outperforms the offline DE-ANN model for each case study in terms of efficiency and solution quality. Compared with the DE-EPANET2.0 model, the proposed online DE-ANN model exhibits a substantial improvement in computational efficiency, while still producing reasonably good quality solutions.
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Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank the school of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering at the University of Adelaide for the support of software and the International Centre of Excellence in Water Resources Management (ICE WaRM) for providing financial support of this project.
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Published In
Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 140 • Issue 11 • November 2014
Copyright
© 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Dec 16, 2012
Accepted: Oct 24, 2013
Published online: Oct 26, 2013
Discussion open until: Oct 20, 2014
Published in print: Nov 1, 2014
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