Study of Burst Alarming and Data Sampling Frequency in Water Distribution Networks
Publication: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 140, Issue 6
Abstract
In recent research, the residual of the Kalman filter applied to flow measurements in water distribution systems has been found to strongly correlate with bursts. A positive residual represents an unexpected extra flow, which is likely caused by an event such as a burst in the downstream network. However, there is a certain level of uncertainty in the flow measurements, leading to a noisy and fluctuating residual during normal and abnormal network operations. This work investigates how changes to a residual threshold affect the success rates of burst alarming during burst and nonburst periods, respectively, and presents a statistical method to automatically select a suitable residual threshold to tolerate uncertainty in flow measurements. In addition, this work also investigates how the number of burst alarms is influenced by using different flow measurement sampling frequencies and different averaging window sizes in the data sets. Engineered tests with three simulated burst events were conducted to validate the methods. The results showed that the threshold proposed in this study can produce a relatively high success rate in burst alarming. In addition, the results also showed that the current sampling interval of 15 min is suitable for burst detection from flow data, and that the use of a window averaged over the past several hours can reduce continual on/off alarm states.
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Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Mr. Ridwan Patel in Yorkshire Water Services and Professor Joby Boxall, Dr. John Machell, and Dr. Steve Mounce in University of Sheffield for conducting fieldwork and assistance with data sets. The authors also acknowledge funding from EPSRC, which supported this work (Grant No. EP/E003192/1).
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Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 140 • Issue 6 • June 2014
Copyright
© 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Sep 30, 2012
Accepted: Jul 24, 2013
Published online: Jul 26, 2013
Published in print: Jun 1, 2014
Discussion open until: Aug 25, 2014
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