Losses Reduction and Energy Production in Water-Distribution Networks
This article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYPublication: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 138, Issue 3
Abstract
During the past few years, issues concerning sustainable management of water distribution systems have attracted interest through an integrated policy aimed at reducing leakage through a pressure management strategy. Pressure reducing valves (PRVs) are often used in water networks to prevent the downstream hydraulic grade from exceeding a set value, although they must be adequately located to maximize their effectiveness. In recent years, the application of turbines or pumps operating as turbines (PATs) appeared as an alternative and sustainable solution to control network pressure and produce energy. In the present paper, PRVs and PATs were used within a district in a Naples’ water distribution network and showed large potential revenues and an attractive capital payback period.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Araujo, L. S., Ramos, H., and Coelho, S. T. (2006). “Pressure control for leakage minimisation in water distribution systems management.” Water Resour. Manage.WRMAEJ, 20(1), 133–149.
Arriaga, M. (2010). “Pump as turbine—A pico-hydro alternative in Lao People’s Democratic Republic.” Renewable EnergyRNENE3, 35(5), 1109–1115.
Artina, S., Naldi, G., Marchi, A., Bragalli, G., Lenzi, C., and Liserra, T. (2008). “Dal controllo della pressione al recupero energetico nei sistemi di distribuzione idrica.” 31° Convegno Nazionale di Idraulica e Costruzioni Idrauliche (CD-ROM), Morlacchi Editore, Perugia, Italy, 1–10 (in Italian).
Caprari. (2008). “Standardized single-stage centrifugal pumps.” EN733 (DIN 24255), 〈http://www.caprari.it/en/_products/products.jsp?idType=33&filter=1&page=2〉.
Charbonneau, P., and Knapp, B. (1995). “A user’s guide to PIKAIA 1.0.” National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Technical Note, Boulder, CO.
Committee for the Vigilance on the Use of Water Resources (COVIRI). (2006). “Relazione annuale al Parlamento sullo stato dei servizi idrici. Anno 2005.” Autorità di Vigilanza sulle risorse idriche e sui rifiuti (in Italian).
De Paola, F., Giugni, M. (2010). “Analisi sperimentale delle relazioni tra perdite e pressioni.” 32° Convegno Nazionale di Idraulica e Costruzioni Idrauliche, Walter Farina Editore, Palermo, Italy (in Italian).
Derakhshan, S., and Nourbakhsh, A. (2008a). “Experimental study of characteristic curves of centrifugal pumps working as turbines in different specific speeds.” Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci.ETFSEO, 32(3), 800–807.
Derakhshan, S., and Nourbakhsh, A. (2008b). “Theoretical, numerical and experimental investigation of centrifugal pumps in reverse operation.” Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci.ETFSEO, 32(8), 1620–1627.
Energy Scientific and Technological Indicators and References (ESTIR). (2002). “Electrochemical science and technology information resource.” 〈ftp://ftp.cordis.europa.eu/pub/eesd/docs/indicators_111_small_hydropower_sep2002.pdf〉.
Filion, Y., MacLean, H., and Karney, B. (2004). “Life-cycle energy analysis of a water distribution system.” J. Infrastruct. Syst.JITSE4, 10(3), 120–130.
Garcia, J. P., Marco, A. C., and Santos, S. N. (2010). “Use of centrifugal pumps operating as turbines for energy recovery in water distribution networks. Two case study.” J. Adv. Mater. Res.AMREFI, 107, 87–92.
Giugni, M., Fontana, N. D., and Portolano, D. (2009). “Energy saving policy in water distribution networks.” Renewable Energy Power Qual. J., 7, paper 487, 1–6.
Giugni, M., Fontana, N., Romanelli, D., and Portolano, D. (2007). “Strategic planning optimization of ’Napoli Est’ water distribution system.” Proc. XXXII Congress of IAHR (CD-ROM), 1) CORILA, Venezia, Italy, A1.c-048-O.
Goldberg, D. E. (1989). “Genetic algorithms in search, optimization and machine learning.” Addison-Wesley Publishing, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
Goldberg, D. E. (1994). “Genetic and evolutionary algorithms come of age.” Commun. ACMCACMA2, 37(3), 113–119.
Jowitt, P. W., and Xu, C. (1990). “Optimal valve control in water distribution networks.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage.JWRMD5, 116(4), 455–472.
Khadam, M. A., Shammas, N. K., and Feraiheedi, Al Y. (1991). “Water losses from municipal utilities and their impacts.” Water Int.WAINEL, 16(4), 254–261.
Hwandon, J., and Loganathan, G. V. (2007). “Valve-controlled segments in water distribution systems.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage., 133(2), 145–155.
Isbasoiu, E. C., Bucur, D. M., Ghergu, C. M., and Dunca, G. (2007). “Using standard pumps as turbines.” CEEX2007 Conf., Technical Publishing House, Bucharest, Romania, 96.1–96.6.
Lambert, A. O. (2001). “What do we know about pressure-leakage relationships in distribution systems?” Proc. IWA Conf., System Approach to Leakage Control and Water Distribution Systems Management, IWA Publishing, London.
Marua, A., Hoko, Z., and Kaseke, E. (2006). “Pressure management as a leakage reduction and water demand management tool: the case of the city of Mutare, Zimbabwe.” Phys. Chem. EarthPCEAAV, 31(15–16), 763–770.
May, J. (1994). “Pressure dependent leakage.” World Water Environ. Eng., 10, 15–19.
Milano, V. (2006). “Dipendenza delle perdite di una tubazione dalla pressione di esercizio.” L’Acqua 4, 47–54 (in Italian).
Pernice, M., and Walker, H. F. (1998). “NITSOL: A Newton iterative solver for nonlinear systems.” SIAM J. Sci. Comput.SJOCE3, 19(1), 302–318.
Portolano, D. (2008). “Il controllo delle perdite nei sistemi acquedottistici: Criteri innovativi di gestione.” Doctoral Dissertation, Univ. of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy (in Italian).
Ramos, H., and Borga, A. (1999). “Pumps as turbines: an unconventional solution to energy production.” Urban WaterURWAFE, 1(3), 261–263.
Reis, F. R., Porto, R. M., and Chaudhry, F. H. (1997). “Optimal location of control valves in pipe networks by genetic algorithm.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage.JWRMD5, 123(6), 317–326.
Rossman, L. A. (2000). Epanet 2, users manual, EPA/600/R-00/057, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati.
Savic, D. A., and Walters, G. A. (1996). “Integration of a model for hydraulic analysis of water distribution networks with an evolution program for pressure regulation.” Comput. Aided Civ. Infrastruct. Eng.CCIEFR, 11(2), 87–97.
Tucciarelli, T., Criminisi, A., and Termini, D. (1999). “Leak analysis systems by means of optimal valve regulation.” J. Hydraul. Eng.JHEND8, 125(3), March, 277–285.
Ulanicka, K., Bounds, P., Ulanicki, B., and Rance, J. (2001). “Pressure control of a large scale water distribution network with interacting water sources: A case study.” Water software systems: Theory and applications, Vol. 2, Research Studies Press, Baldock, Hertfordshire, UK, 41–53.
Vairavamoorthy, K., and Lumbers, J. (1998). “Leakage reduction in water distribution systems: Optimal valve control.” J. Hydraul. Eng.JHEND8, 124(11), 1146–1154.
Williams, A. (1995). Pumps as turbines: A user’s guide, Intermediate Technology Publications, London.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2012. American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 4, 2010
Accepted: Aug 4, 2011
Published online: Aug 6, 2011
Published in print: May 1, 2012
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.