Water-Distribution Systems Simplifications through Clustering
Publication: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 138, Issue 3
Abstract
For large water-distribution systems fully detailed models result in a substantial amount of data, making it difficult to manage, monitor, and understand how the main structure of the system works. A possible way to cope with this difficulty is to gain insight to the system behavior by simplifying its operation through topological/connectivity analysis. The objective of this study is to develop and demonstrate a generic topological-based scheme to aid in the analysis of water-distribution systems. The methodology relies on clustering, which divides the distribution system into strongly and weakly connected sub-graphs using the depth first search (DFS) and breadth first search (BFS) graph algorithms. The partitioning results in a connectivity matrix that represents the interconnections between clusters, which can support, for example, a response modeling plan in case of a contamination intrusion incident. A detailed illustrative example and a real complex water-distribution system are explored for demonstrating the developed model capabilities. Possible applications of the proposed algorithm are suggested.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by the Institute for Future Defense Technologies Research Named for The Medvedi, Shwartzman, and Gensler families; by the Technion Grand Water Research Institute (GWRI); and by NATO [Science for Peace (SfP) project no. CBD.MD.SFP 981456].
References
Anderson, E. J., and Al-Jamal, K. H. (1995). “Hydraulic network simplification.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage.JWRDDC, 121(3), 235–244.
Davidson, J., Bouchart, F., Cavill, S., and Jowitt, P. (2005). “Real-time connectivity modeling of water distribution networks to predict contamination spread.” J. Comput. Civ. Eng.JCCEE5, 19(4), 377–386.
Deuerlein, J. W. (2008). “Decomposition model of a general water supply network graph.” J. Hydraul. Eng.JHEND8, 134(6), 822–832.
Environmental Protection Agency. (2012). EPANET, 〈http://www.epa.gov/nrmrl/wswrd/dw/epanet.html〉 (Mar. 23, 2012).
Grayman, W. M., Murray, R., and Savic, D. A. (2009). “Effects of redesign of water systems for security and water quality factors.” Proc., World Environmental and Water Resources Congress, Starrett, S., ed., ASCE, Reston, VA.
Grayman, W. M., and Rhee, H. (2000). “Assessment of skeletonization in network models.” Proc., Joint Conf. on Water Resources Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management, Hotchkiss, R. H. and Glade, M., eds., ASCE, Reston, VA.
Hamberg, D., and Shamir, U. (1988). “Schematic models for distribution systems design. I: Combination concept.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage.JWRMD5, 114(2), 129–140.
MapWindowGIS. (2012). 〈www.mapwindow.org〉 (Mar. 23, 2012).
Maslia, M. L., Sautner, J. B., Aral, M. M., Gillig, R. E., Reyes, J. J., and Williams, R. C. (2001). “Historical reconstruction of the water-distribution system serving the Dover Township area, New Jersey: January 1962–December 1996.” Rep. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta.
Maslia, M. L., Sautner, J. B., Aral, M. M., Reyes, J. J., Abraham, J. E., and Williams, R. C. (2000). “Using water-distribution system modeling to assist epidemiologic investigations.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage.JWRMD5, 126(4), 180–198.
Ostfeld, A. (2005). “Water distribution systems connectivity analysis.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage.JWRMD5, 131(1), 58–66.
Ostfeld, A., et al. (2008). “The battle of the water sensor networks: A design challenge for engineers and algorithms.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage.JWRMD5, 134(6), 556–568.
Ostfeld, A., and Salomons, E. (2004). “Optimal layout of early warning detection stations for water distribution systems security.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage.JWRMD5, 130(5), 377–385.
Ostfeld, A., and Shamir, U. (1996). “Design of optimal reliable multiquality water supply systems.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage.JWRMD5, 122(5), 322–333.
Perelman, L., and Ostfeld, A. (2008). “Water distribution system aggregation for water quality analysis.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage.JWRMD5, 134(3), 303–309.
Perelman, L., and Ostfeld, A. (2011). “Topological clustering for water distribution systems analysis.” Environ. Modell. Softw.EMSOFT, 26(7), 969–972.
Pohl, I. S. (1969). “Bi-directional and heuristic search in path problems.” Doctoral thesis, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA.
Rosenthal, A. (1977). “Computing the reliability of complex networks.” SIAM J. Appl. Math.SMJMAP, 32(2), 384–393.
Satyanarayana, A., and Wood, R. K. (1982). “Polygon-to-chain reductions and network reliability.” Operations Research Center, ORC 82-4, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA.
Schaeffer, S. E. (2007). “Graph clustering.” Comput. Sci. Rev. I, 27–64.
Tarjan, R. (1972). “Depth-first search and linear graph algorithms.” SIAM J. Comput.SMJCAT, 1(2), 146–160.
Ulanicki, B., Zehnpfund, A., and Martinez, F. (1996). “Simplification of water distribution network models.” Proc., Second Int. Conf. on Hydroinformatics, International Water Association, 493–500.
Wagner, J. M., Shamir, U., and Marks, D. H. (1988). “Water distribution reliability: Analytical methods.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage.JWRDDC, 114(3), 253–275.
Xu, J., Small, M., Fischbeck, P., and VanBriesen, J. (2010). “Integrating location models with Bayesian analysis to inform decision making.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage.JWRDDC, 136(2), 209–216.
Yang, S. L., Hsu, N. S., Loule, P. W. F., and Yeh, W. W. G. (1996). “Water distribution network reliability: Connectivity analysis.” J. Infrastruct. Syst.JITSE4, 2(2), 54–64.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 138 • Issue 3 • May 2012
Pages: 218 - 229
Copyright
© 2012. American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Dec 8, 2010
Accepted: Jul 8, 2011
Published online: Jul 11, 2011
Published in print: May 1, 2012
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.