Least-Cost Design of Water Distribution Networks Including Fire Damages
Publication: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 136, Issue 6
Abstract
The implicit goal of water network design is to provide acceptable service during normal and peak demands and to limit damages to property and people during fires. Despite this, fire damages are seldom explicitly included in network design. This paper presents a single-objective particle swarm optimization program that incorporates a new measure of expected conditional fire damages to size local water distribution mains for fire flow protection in residential service areas. The optimization approach generates trade-off information to help utilities determine the cost effectiveness of adding new pipe capacity to reduce the risk of fire damages in water networks. The optimization program was applied to an 8-pipe network and a 34-pipe network to generate trade-off curves for pipe cost and fire damages. A sensitivity analysis indicated that the level of uncertainty in fire flow had a little impact on pipe sizing and cost in the eight-pipe network. Optimization results in the 34-pipe network supported the industry practice of using a minimum 150-mm distribution main sizing to provide fire flow protection.
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Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 136 • Issue 6 • November 2010
Pages: 658 - 668
Copyright
© 2010 ASCE.
History
Received: Sep 5, 2008
Accepted: Jan 12, 2010
Published online: Jan 25, 2010
Published in print: Nov 2010
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