Crowdedness Classification Method for Island Platform in Metro Station
Publication: Journal of Transportation Engineering
Volume 139, Issue 6
Abstract
For safety and energy reasons, most metro stations in China choose to install platform screen doors (PSDs), which make passengers not distribute evenly on the platform, but instead gather into clusters in front of screen doors to wait for a train. However, the traditional evaluation method considers passengers evenly distributing on platform and does not reflect the actual status of waiting passengers. In addition, the traditional method is limited to accurately describe the crowdedness level on platform and merely considers per capita space and walking freedom, neglecting the service quality in the boarding process and safety evacuation in an emergency. Subsequently, the paper introduces the new classification method of crowdedness levels, which not only considers pedestrian flow characteristics but also takes the concepts of boarding service for passengers and safety evacuation for managers into account. From the perspectives of passengers and managers, this paper defines and calculates four key indicators—per capita space, per capita longitudinal distance, boarding coefficient, and evacuation coefficient—and then classifies the crowdedness level with the -mean cluster analysis method. Finally, the paper verifies the applicability and feasibility with an actual case study.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The research has been funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50808141). The authors wish to thank Shanghai Shentong Metro Group Co., Ltd., for providing the surveillance video data of platforms at the metro stations.
References
Bian, Y., Wang, W., and Lu, J. (2007). “Pedestrian level of service for sidewalks.” J. Southeast Univ., 37(4), 695–699.
Cao, S. (2009). LOS classification for urban rail transit passages based on passenger perceptions, Beijing Jiaotong Univ., Beijing.
Chow, W. K., and Ng, M. Y. (2008). “Waiting time in emergency evacuation of crowded public transport terminals.” Saf. Sci., 46(5), 844–857.
Daly, P. N., McGrath, F., and Annesley, T. J. (1991). “Pedestrian speed/flow relationships for underground stations.” Traffic Engineering and Control, London, 75–78.
Dixon, L. B. (1996). Bicycle and Pedestrian Level-of-service Performance Measures and Standards for Congestion Management Systems.
Fahy, R. F. (2008). “Calculation methods for egress prediction.” The fire protection handbook, 20th Ed., A. E. Cote, ed., National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), Quincy, MA.
Fruin, J. (1971). Pedestrian planning and design, Metropolitan Association of Urban Designers and Environmental Planners, New York.
Kang, K. (2007). “Application of code approach fire emergency evacuation in a rail station.” Fire Technol., 43(4), 331–346.
Kang, K. (2011). “A stochastic evacuation model for fire life safety assessment in transportation systems.” Pedestrian and evacuation dynamics, R. D. Peacock, E. D. Kuligowski, and J. D. Averill, eds., Springer.
Lam, W. H. K., Cheung, C.-Y., and Lam, C. F. (1999). “A study of crowding effects at the Hong Kong light rail transit stations.” Transp. Res. Part A, 33(5), 401–415.
Lautso, K., and Murole, P. (1974). “A study of pedestrian traffic in Helsinki: Methods and results.” Traffic Eng. Control., l5(9), 446–449.
Lin, T. M., and Wilson, N. H. M. (1992). “Dwell time relationships for light rail systems.” Transportation Research Record, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC.
Lu, W. (2010). “Cluster analysis.” Chapter 13, SPSS statistical analysis, 4th Ed., Publishing House of Electronics Industry, Tianjin, China.
McLeod, D. S. (2000). “Multimodal arterial level of service.” Transportation Research Circular: 4th Int. Symp. Oil Highway Capacity, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, 221–233.
Ministry of Construction. (2003). “Code for design of metro.”, P.R. China.
Pead, M. (2007). “The impact of boarding and alighting passengers on the dwell time at railway stations.” Aston Univ., Birmingham, UK.
Sarkar, S. (1993). “Determination of service levels for pedestrian with European examples.” 72nd TRB Annual Meeting, National Research Council, Washington, DC.
Shen, J. (2001). “The research for dynamic distribution of passenger and the width of platform.” Urban Mass Transit, 4(1), 18–21.
Shen, J. (2008). “Simplified calculation for the width of on and off region of station platform.” Urban Rapid Rail Transit, 21(5), 9–12.
Szplett, D., and Wirasinghe, S. C. (1984). “An investigation of passenger interchange and train standing time at LRT stations: Alighting, boarding and platform distribution of passengers.” J. Adv. Transp., 18(1), 1–12.
Transportation Research Board. (2000). “Highway capacity manual 2000.”, Washington, DC.
Weston, J. G. (1989). “Train service model—Technical guide.” London underground operational research note, 89/18.
Wiggenraad, I. P. B. L. (2001). “Alighting and boarding times of passengers at Dutch railway stations.” Delft Univ. of Technology, Delft, Netherlands.
Wu, J., and Ma, S. (2013). “Division method for waiting areas on island platforms at metro stations.” J. Transp. Eng., 139(4), 339–349.
Wu, Y., and Luo, X. (2007). “Relationship between bus stoppage time and passenger behavior.” J. Southwest Jiaotong Univ., 42(2), 243–248.
Wu, Z., Wang, Y., and Shen, J. (2006). “Study of the mathematical model for passenger’s scatter time in subway station waiting rooms.” J. Fudan Univ., 45(5), 594–598.
Xu, W., and Wu, Z. (2005). “Mathematical model for the passenger flow in subway station waiting rooms.” J. Railway Sci. Eng., 2(2), 70–75.
Zhang, C. (2007). “Study on levels of service for pedestrian Facility in MTR hubs.” Beijing Jiaotong Univ., Beijing.
Zhang, Q., Han, B., and Li, D. (2008). “Modeling and simulation of passenger alighting and boarding movement in Beijing metro stations.” Transp. Res. Part C, 16(5), 635–649.
Zhong, M., Shi, C., Tu, X., Fu, T., and He, L. (2008). “Study of the human evacuation simulation of metro fire safety analysis in China.” J. Loss Prev. Process Ind., 21(3), 287–298.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Transportation Engineering
Volume 139 • Issue 6 • June 2013
Pages: 612 - 624
Copyright
© 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Apr 9, 2012
Accepted: Nov 1, 2012
Published online: Nov 9, 2012
Published in print: Jun 1, 2013
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.