Thermal Stresses of PCC Pavements Containing Fly Ash and Slag
Publication: Journal of Transportation Engineering
Volume 138, Issue 7
Abstract
With the current demand for portland cement concrete (PCC) sustainability, supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) are often used in concrete mixtures to improve the mixture properties in both fresh and hardened concrete. In this research, sixteen concrete mixtures (one control mixture, three binary mixtures, and twelve ternary mixtures) with various combinations of fly ash, slag, and portland cement were fabricated. The thermal and mechanical properties of the selected ternary mixtures were measured at various ages, and the critical temperature gradient through the slab thickness was generated by using the enhanced integrated climatic model (EICM). By using the measured mechanical properties, nonlinear temperature gradients obtained from EICM, and CTE gradients throughout the slab thickness, Westergaard-Bradbury solution was used to calculate the critical tensile stress on the PCC pavements. The analysis results show that all the ternary mixtures with the replacement of 30% slag and 30% fly ash, and replacement of 50% slag and 20% fly ash did not exceed 100% tensile stress-to-strength ratio at all ages.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to acknowledge support from the Louisiana Transportation Research Center with research Grant No. 736-99-1650/ 09-6C. The authors would also like to thank Upender Kodide for the measurements of thermal conductivity and heat capacity and thank Randy Young, Matt Tircuit, and Shane Laws for their assistance in producing the PCC mixtures and completing the hardened concrete testing.
References
ASTM. (1997). “Standard test method for thermal conductivity of plastics by means of a transient line-source technique.” D5930, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2000). “Standard test method for determination of thermal conductivity of soil and soft rock by thermal needle probe procedure.” D5334, West Conshohocken, PA.
Bradbury, R. D. (1947). Reinforced concrete pavement, Wire Reinforcement Institute, Washington, DC.
Choubane, B., and Tia, M. (1992). “Non-linear temperature gradient effect on the maximum warping stresses in rigid pavements.” 71st Annual Meeting, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC.
Chung, Y., and Shin, H.-C. (2011). “Characterization of coefficient of thermal expansion and its effect on the performance of portland cement concrete pavements.” Can. J. Civ. Eng.CJCEB8, 38(2), 175–183.
Guo, E. H., and Rice, J. L. (1997). “Effects of slab size on critical response in airport concrete pavement.” Aircraft/Pavement Technology, In the Midst of Change, ASCE, New York, 320–334.
Heydinger, A. G. (2003). “Monitoring seasonal instrumentation and modeling climatic effect on pavements at the Ohio/SHRP test road.” FHWA/HO-2003/018.
Huang, Y. H. (2004). Pavement Analysis and Design, 2nd Ed., Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
Janssen, D. J. (1987). “Moisture in portland cement concrete.” Transportation Research Record 1121, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, 40–44.
Kashima, S., Furuya, N., and Yamaoka, R. (1992). “High-strength concrete for wall foundation using ternary blended cement with intermixture of blast-furnace slag and fly ash.” Fly Ash, Silica Fume, Slag, & Natural Pozzolans in Concrete, Proc., 4th CANMET/ACI Int. Conf., 2, ACI, Detroit, 1451–1469.
Kelham, S., Damtoft, J. S., and Talling, B. L. O. (1995). “The influence of high early-strength (HES) mineralized clinker on the strength development of blended cements containing fly ash, slag, or ground limestone.” Fly Ash, Silica Fume, Slag, & Natural Pozzolans in Concrete, Proc., 5th CANMET/ACI Int. Conf., ACI, Detroit, 229–247.
Khatri, R. P., and Sirivivatnanon, V. (2001). “Optimum fly ash content for lower cost and superior durability.” Fly Ash, Silica Fume, Slag, & Natural Pozzolans in Concrete, Proc., 7th CANMET/ACI Int. Conf., 1, ACI, Detroit, 205–219.
Louisiana Standard Specification for Roads and Bridges. (2006). State of Louisiana Dept. of Transportation and Development, Baton Rouge, LA.
Mehta, P. K., and Monteiro, P. J. (2005). Concrete: Microstructure, properties, and materials, 3rd Ed., McGraw Hill, San Francisco.
Mindess, S., Young, J. F., and Darwin, D. (2003). Concrete, 2nd Ed., Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
Mohamed, A. R., and Hansen, W. (1996). “Prediction of stress in concrete pavement subjected to non-linear gradients.” Cem. Concr. Compos.CCOCEG, 18(6), 381–387.
Shin, H.-C. (2000). “Early age behavior of bonded concrete overlays due to shrinkage and thermal changes.” Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL.
Simon, M. J., and Dallaire, M. P. (2002). “Taking concrete to the next level.” Public RoadsPUROAQ, 66(1).
Swamy, R. N., and Laiw, J. C. (1995). “Effectiveness of supplementary cementing materials in controlling chloride penetration into concrete.” Fly Ash, Silica Fume, Slag, & Natural Pozzolans in Concrete, Proc., 5th CANMET/ACI Int. Conf., ACI, Detroit, 657–674.
Tikalsky, P., et al. (2007). “Development of portland properties of ternary mixtures: Phase I final report.” Pooled Fund Study TPF-3(117), National Concrete Pavement Technology Center, Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA.
Uzarowski, L., and Moore, G. (2008). “Sustainable pavements—Making the case for longer design lives for flexible pavements.” Annual Conf. of the Transportation Association of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Westergaard, H. M. (1926). “Computation of stress in concrete roads.” Proc., 5th Annual Meeting, 5, Part 1, Highway Research Board, Washington, DC, 90–112.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Transportation Engineering
Volume 138 • Issue 7 • July 2012
Pages: 893 - 901
Copyright
© 2012. American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Apr 12, 2011
Accepted: Dec 16, 2011
Published online: Feb 1, 2012
Published in print: Jul 1, 2012
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.