Financial Consequences of Delaying Pavement Rehabilitation: Case Study Using LTPP Data
Publication: Journal of Transportation Engineering
Volume 138, Issue 8
Abstract
Transportation agencies have suffered stringent funding shortages for the past several years. As a result, many pavement preservation and rehabilitation projects have been substantially delayed. The financial consequences of delaying pavement rehabilitation need to be quantified so funding needs can be justified scientifically. Although studies on the basis of hypothetical data have been conducted to evaluate the effect of delaying treatments, there is no research using actual data to quantify the financial consequences of delaying pavement rehabilitation. This study is motivated by the need to remedy this situation. A method that quantifies the financial consequences of delaying rehabilitation using real-world data is proposed. The proposed method uses life-cycle-cost analysis (LCCA) and a composite performance indicator, pavement condition rating (PCR), to determine the treatment timing. The proposed method is validated using actual pavement performance data and maintenance history from the long-term pavement performance (LTPP) specific pavement studies-5 (SPS-5) in California. These pavement sections have the same pavement structure, traffic volume, environmental features, and similar rehabilitation treatments, but they have different treatment timings. Their annual life-cycle costs are computed and compared to quantitatively evaluate the financial consequences of delaying treatment. Preliminary results show that delaying rehabilitation of pavement sections (prerehabilitation ) increases the equivalent uniform annualized cost (EUAC) by approximately 27.7% for a 2-in. overlay and 28.3% for a 5-in. overlay compared with the timely rehabilitation of pavement sections. Future research is also discussed in this paper.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank the valuable comments provided by the reviewers and the support provided by the Program for Changjiang Scholars and the Innovative Research Team in University (No. 1050) to exchange the Chinese pavement management practices.
References
Battey, R. L. (2004). “Construction, testing and preliminary performance report on the resin modified pavement demonstration project.” Rep. FHWA/MS-DOT-RD-04-141, Mississippi Dept. of Transportation Research Division, Jackson, MS.
California Department of Transportation (CALTRANS). (2003). “2003 Contract cost data: A summary of cost by items for highway construction projects.” 〈http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/esc/oe/awards/2003CCDB/2003ccdb.pdf〉 (May 17, 2012).
California Department of Transportation (CALTRANS). (2010). “Price index for selected highway construction items.” 〈http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/esc/oe/contract_progress/cost-index-summary.pdf〉 (May 17, 2012).
Chasey, A. D., De La Garza, J. M., and Drew, D. R. (2002). “Using simulation to understand the impact of deferred maintenance.” Comput.-Aided Civ. Infrastruct. Eng.CCIEFR, 17(4), 269–279.
Daleiden, J. F., Simpson, A., and Rauhut, J. B. (1998). “Rehabilitation performance trends: Early observations from long-term pavement performance (LTPP) specific pavement studies (SPS).” FHWA-RD-97-099 Final Rep., Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC.
Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). (2002). “Life-cycle cost analysis primer.” Office of Asset Management, U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Washington, DC.
Galehouse, L., Moulthrop, J. S., and Hicks, R. G. (2003). “Principles of pavement preservation: Definitions, benefits, issues, and barriers.” TR News, 288, 4–9.
George, K. P. (1991). Pavement Management Information System-Phase II: Interim Rep. on Composite Index for Pavement Condition Rating, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Mississippi, University, MS.
Hall, K. T., Correa, C. E., and Simpson, A. L. (2002). “LTPP data analysis: Effectiveness of maintenance and rehabilitation options.” NCHRP Web Document 47, Project 20-50(3/4): Contractor’s Final Rep., National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Washington, DC.
Hall, K. T., Correa, C. E., and Simpson, A. L. (2003). “Performance of flexible pavement rehabilitation treatments in the long-term pavement performance experiment.” Transportation Research Record 1823, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, 93–101.
Harvey, J. (2009). “Evaluation of life cycle cost benefits of some pavement preservation strategies using CALTRANS PMS.” 〈http://www.techtransfer.berkeley.edu/pavementpres09downloads/harvey_thurs_prelim-lcca.pdf〉 (May 17, 2012).
Irfan, M., Khurshid, M. B., Labi, S., and Flora, W. (2009). “Evaluating the cost effectiveness of flexible rehabilitation treatments using different performance criteria.” J. Transp. Eng.JTPEDI, 135(10), 753–763.
Khurshid, M. B. (2010). “A framework for establishing optimal performance thresholds for highway asset interventions.” Ph.D. dissertation, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN.
Khurshid, M. B., Irfan, M., and Labi, S. A. (2009). “Comparison of methods for evaluating pavement interventions: Evaluation and case study.” Transportation Research Record 2108, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, 25–36.
Lamptey, G., Ahmad, M., Labi, S., and Sinha, K. C. (2004). “Life cycle cost analysis for INDOT pavement design procedures.” Rep. FHWA/IN/JTRP-2004/28, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN.
Mamlouk, M. S., and Zaniewski, J. P. (2001). “Optimizing pavement preservation: An urgent demand for every highway agency.” Int. J. Pavement Eng.IJPEF7, 2(2), 135–148.
Mamlouk, M. S., Zaniewski, J. P., and He, W. (2000). “Analysis and design optimization of flexible pavement.” J. Transp. Eng.JTPEDI, 126(2), 161–167.
Miller, J. S., and Bellinger, W. Y. (2003). “Distress identification manual for the long-term pavement performance program.” Publication No. FHWA-RD-03-031, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC.
Mississippi Dept. of Transportation (MDOT). (2010). Mississippi Department of Transportation Pavement Management Practices, MDOT Research Division, Jackson, MS.
Najafi, F. T., and Paredes, B. V. (2001). “Cost-benefit highway pavement maintenance.” Transportation Research Record 1749, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, 22–27.
Paterson, W. D. O., Fossberg, P. E., and Watanatada, T. (1989). “World Bank’s highway design and maintenance standards models (HDM-III): A synthesis of road deterioration and user cost relationships.” Fifth World Conf. on Transport Research, Yokohama, Japan.
Perera, R. W., and Kohn, S. D. (1999). “International roughness index of asphalt concrete overlays: Analysis of data from long-term pavement performance program SPS-5 projects.” Transportation Research Record 1655, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, 100–109.
Peshkin, D. G., Hoerner, T. E., and Zimmerman, K. A. (2004). “Optimal timing of pavement preventive maintenance treatment applications.” NCHRP Rep. No. 523, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC.
Peterson, D. E. (1985). “Life-cycle cost analysis of pavements.” NCHRP Synthesis of Highway Practice 122, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC.
Salem, O., AbouRizk, S., and Ariaratnam, S. (2003). “Risk-based life-cycle costing of infrastructure rehabilitation and construction alternatives.” J. Infrastruct. Syst.JITSE4, 9(1), 6–15.
Sharaf, E. A. (1998). “A procedure to determine critical preventive maintenance timing.” 4th Int. Conf. on Managing Pavements, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC.
Sharaf, E. A., Reichelt, E., Shahin, M. Y., and Sinha, K. C. (1987). “Development of a methodology to estimate maintenance and repair costs for different ranges of pavement condition index.” Transportation Research Record 1123, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, 30–39.
Sharaf, E. A., Shahin, M. Y., and Moustafa, M. T. (1988). “Consequences of delaying pavement maintenance on the life cycle cost of maintenance alternatives.” Proc., 3rd IRF Middle East Regional Meeting, Ministry of Communications, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Smith, K. L., Titus-Glover, L., Darter, M. I., Von Quintus, H. L., Stubstad, R. N., and Hallin, J. P. (2005). “Evaluation of the cost benefits of continuous pavement preservation design strategies versus reconstruction: Final Rep. 491.” FHWA-AZ-05-491, Arizona Dept. of Transportation, Phoenix, AZ.
Transportation Research Board (TRB). (1979). “Consequences of deferred maintenance.” NCHRP Synthesis of Highway Practice 58, Washington, DC.
Tsai, Y.-C., and Wu, Y.-C. (2006). Validation and calibration GDOT pavement rehabilitation need analysis and project selection programs: A Final Rep., Georgia Dept. of Transportation, Atlanta, GA.
Walls, J. III, and Smith, M. R. (1998). “Life cycle cost analysis in pavement design: In search of better investment decisions.” FHWA-SA-98-079, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC.
Wang, Y., Mahboub, K. C., and Hancher, D. E. (2005). “Survival analysis of fatigue cracking for flexible pavements based on long-term pavement performance data.” J. Transp. Eng.JTPEDI, 131(8), 608–616.
Wang, Z., Tsai, Y., Pitts, E. C., and Wu, Y. (2009). “Impact of escalating construction costs on long-term pavement performance loss.” Transportation Research Record 2093, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, 84–92.
Washington Dept. of Transportation (WSDOT). (1999a). “Pavement condition rating systems.” 〈http://training.ce.washington.edu/wsdot/Modules/09_pavement_evaluation/09-6_body.htm〉 (Jul. 10, 2010).
Washington Dept. of Transportation (WSDOT). (1999b). “WSDOT pavement management system.” 〈http://training.ce.washington.edu/WSDOT/state_information/11_pavement_management/wsdot_pms.htm〉 (Jul. 10, 2010).
Worel, B., Gilbertson, C., Watson, D., Skok, G., and Wilson, T. (2000). “Asphalt overlay cost-effectiveness: Manitoba TGS and Minnesota SPS-5 projects 10-year ranking of treatments (1989-1999).” Office of Minnesota Materials and Road Research, MN/RC-2000-31, Minnesota Dept. of Transportation, Maplewood, MN.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Transportation Engineering
Volume 138 • Issue 8 • August 2012
Pages: 975 - 982
Copyright
© 2012. American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Mar 30, 2011
Accepted: Dec 12, 2011
Published online: Dec 14, 2011
Published in print: Aug 1, 2012
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.