High-Precision Trigonometric Leveling Based on Correction with Atmospheric Refraction Coefficient Model
Publication: Journal of Surveying Engineering
Volume 148, Issue 3
Abstract
When an electromagnetic wave passes through the atmosphere, due to variation of atmospheric parameters, its propagation path is usually altered and the propagation speed also changes. Therefore, errors will be induced in triangulation measurement with electronic surveying robots, delimiting the accuracy of trigonometric leveling. Targeting at improving the accuracy of trigonometric leveling, a correction model based on atmospheric refraction coefficients is proposed in this article. First, based on the meteorological parameters collected on-site and Rüeger equation, influence of the meteorological parameters (e.g., temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity, and ) on the refractive index are analyzed. Furthermore, gradient models of temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure with reference to height are established. In order to build the atmospheric gradient models of the optical path, height difference between the optical path and the ground is estimated with a precise digital elevation model generated by laser scanning. On this basis, the vertical atmospheric refraction coefficient model is proposed and used to correct the trigonometric leveling data measured by surveying robots. By conducting experimental studies over two open-pit iron mines with large topographic relief and comparing with first-class leveling data, reliability of the proposed atmospheric refraction coefficient model is assessed. The outcome of this article has demonstrated that by adopting the proposed model, accuracy of trigonometric leveling can meet the requirements of second-class leveling.
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Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request including the meteorological data, trigonometric leveling data, and first-class leveling data measured in the Dagushan open-pit mine and Anqian open-pit mine used in this paper.
Acknowledgments
This research was funded by the Natural Science Foundation of China, Grant No. 42071453, the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities, Grant No. N2001027, and the National Key Research and Development Program of China, Grant No. 2016YFC0801602. The article processing charge (APC) was funded by the Natural Science Foundation of China Grant No. 42071453 and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities No. N2001027. The authors would like to thank the editors and anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and efforts spent on this manuscript.
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Published In
Journal of Surveying Engineering
Volume 148 • Issue 3 • August 2022
Copyright
© 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 31, 2021
Accepted: Mar 24, 2022
Published online: Apr 29, 2022
Published in print: Aug 1, 2022
Discussion open until: Sep 29, 2022
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