Integrated InSAR and GNSS Monitoring Subsystem for an Arch Dam and Reservoir Banks
Publication: Journal of Surveying Engineering
Volume 147, Issue 3
Abstract
Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) is a cost-effective method for displacement measurement at dams and reservoir banks, and is especially relevant for structures without embedded equipment or rarely monitored. However, the lack of redundant observations prevents the determination of a posteriori variances for InSAR measurements, which limits the uptake of the InSAR technology for structure monitoring. This paper presents a methodology for the integration of persistent scatterer interferometry (PSI) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) displacement measurements. Double differences between PSI and GNSS data are used as observations in a redundant network connecting the points of interest, with GNSS data used to constrain PSI measurements. This procedure allows the determination of adjusted displacements and a posteriori variances at all network points. Maximum uncertainty of 3 mm was achieved for displacements along the SAR sensor line-of-sight at both the dam and its surrounding slopes. The proposed method is of interest for monitoring purposes, because it allows displacement measurement at both the structure and its surroundings, together with the displacement uncertainty, which aids decision makers in the planning of maintenance operations for the whole area influenced by the dam.
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Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code generated or used during the study are proprietary or confidential in nature and may only be provided with restrictions. The data are confidential and may be provided only with authorization from the dam owner. The software for data integration is proprietary and may be available only with authorization from the National Laboratory for Civil Engineering Board of Directors.
Acknowledgments
The authors thank Engineer Maria João Henriques (LNEC) for making available the computational resources for InSAR processing and Eng. Piteira Gomes (LNEC) for discussions about the dam and slope behaviors. Acknowledgements are due to the European Space Agency for providing the Sentinel-1 images, to the European Environmental Agency for the DEM, to EuroGeographics for the administrative boundaries, and to the Portuguese General-Directorate of the Territory for the orthophotographs. This work was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology through Grant No. SFRH/BD/115882/2016.
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Journal of Surveying Engineering
Volume 147 • Issue 3 • August 2021
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© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
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Received: Oct 29, 2020
Accepted: Mar 30, 2021
Published online: May 13, 2021
Published in print: Aug 1, 2021
Discussion open until: Oct 13, 2021
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