Array-Aided Single-Frequency State-Space RTK with Combined GPS, Galileo, IRNSS, and QZSS L5/E5a Observations
Publication: Journal of Surveying Engineering
Volume 143, Issue 4
Abstract
The concept of real-time kinematic precise point positioning (PPP-RTK) is to achieve integer ambiguity resolution (IAR) at a single global navigation satellite system (GNSS) user by providing network-derived satellite phase biases (SPBs) in addition to the standard PPP corrections. The integerness of the user ambiguities gets recovered and resolved, obtaining high-precision position solutions with the aid of the precise carrier-phase observables. Most of current PPP-RTK methods focus on processing dual-frequency or multifrequency GNSS network observations. The new developing Indian regional navigation satellite system (IRNSS), however, provides only a single-frequency signal in L-band, and shares the L5 frequency with the American global positioning system (GPS), the European Galileo, and the Japanese quasi-zenith satellite system (QZSS). This contribution proposes a new array-aided state-space RTK (SS-RTK) method following the concept of PPP-RTK, which is applicable to the single-frequency network data processing. A small array of multi-GNSS stations, separated by a few meters, takes the role of reference station to provide a batch of single-frequency RTK corrections. Similar to PPP-RTK, the single-frequency stand-alone user ambiguities are a double-differenced (DD) form after applying the SS-RTK corrections. Based on the proposed array-aided SS-RTK concept, the authors analyze the capability of the single-receiver positioning with IAR using L5/E5a frequency observations from IRNSS, as well as GPS, Galileo, and QZSS. Results from real-data experiments demonstrate that even though stand-alone RTK using current IRNSS satellites is not yet possible, they effectively contribute to the tightly integrated multisystem RTK. By increasing the number of antennas in the array used for SS-RTK corrections, the user would achieve more precise and reliable positions. After increasing the dimension of the array to four antennas, a 4–10% improvement in the IAR success rate is experienced. Moreover, the convergence time of the float solutions, reaching a subdecimeter precision level, reduces from 30 to 40 min (single-antenna array) to about 20 min (four-antenna array).
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Acknowledgments
This work has been executed as part of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 41604031) and the Positioning Program Project 1.19 Multi-GNSS Network PPP-RTK of the Cooperative Research Centre for Spatial Information (CRC-SI). The third author, P. J. G. Teunissen, is the recipient of an Australian Research Council Federation Fellowship (Project FF0883188). Mr. M. Carver, Mr. N. Treffers, and Dr. B. Zhang from the Curtin GNSS Research Centre helped the authors to set up the second experiment. All of this support is gratefully acknowledged.
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Published In
Journal of Surveying Engineering
Volume 143 • Issue 4 • November 2017
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© 2017 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 15, 2016
Accepted: Jan 18, 2017
Published online: Apr 12, 2017
Discussion open until: Sep 12, 2017
Published in print: Nov 1, 2017
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