Estimating the Baseline between CERN Target and LNGS Reference Points
Publication: Journal of Surveying Engineering
Volume 142, Issue 4
Abstract
This work is part of the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Project, aimed at estimating the velocity of neutrino beams directed from CERN in Geneva toward the Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS) in Assergi, Italy. In particular, the distance has to be estimated between the Large Volume Detector, Icarus, and Borexino reference points, located inside LNGS, and the CERN laboratory target. All the points at LNGS and CERN are placed in underground laboratories. Traditional surveying methods must then be applied for connecting the reference points to benchmarks established outside the underground laboratories in the open field. In this way, the two local LNGS and CERN geodetic networks can be connected by the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technique. The CERN target was already estimated with respect to a local GNSS network in the International Terrestrial Reference Frame 97. To estimate the position of LNGS points, a new local GNSS network has been materialized. This network integrates with an underground topographic network that connects the reference points in the laboratories. The distance between CERN and LNGS is approximately 730 km, and the required accuracy is better than 0.1 m. Therefore, GNSS processing and underground surveys must be performed according to high-precision standards. This paper describes the performed operations and the obtained results.
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Journal of Surveying Engineering
Volume 142 • Issue 4 • November 2016
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This work is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
History
Received: Feb 19, 2014
Accepted: Nov 17, 2015
Published online: Feb 24, 2016
Discussion open until: Jul 24, 2016
Published in print: Nov 1, 2016
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