Optimal Integration of Single-Baseline GPS Solutions in Network-Based Kinematic Positioning
Publication: Journal of Surveying Engineering
Volume 137, Issue 3
Abstract
Although the demand for high accuracy kinematic positioning using multiple base stations has increased over the last several years, most commercial GPS processing software still only provides single-baseline solutions. Thus, methods were investigated to improve the accuracy of kinematic positioning by using network configuration on the basis of several single-baseline solutions. As discussed in this study, the positioning accuracy and network stability are improved by applying geodetic network adjustment theories to a kinematic positioning application. Four different methods to remove the rank-deficiency (RLESS, BLIMPBE, SCLESS, and PMINOLESS) are analyzed in this study. The 3D RMS (root mean squared) error has been improved from 4.4 cm (maximum) to 2.7 cm by using network-based kinematic positioning, and BLIMPBE is preferable over other methods in terms of the minimum bias in the rover position and the reproducing property of the reference stations.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology (UNSPECIFIED2009-0069542).
References
Dai, L., Han, S., Wang, J., and Rizos, C. (2003). “Comparison of interpolation techniques in network-based GPS techniques.” Navigation, 50(4), 277–293.
Fotopoulos, G., and Cannon, M. E. (2001). “An overview of multi-reference station methods for cm-level positioning.” GPS Solutions, 4(3), 1–10.
Gamit/Track 1.13 [Computer software]. (2009). MIT, Cambridge, MA. 〈http://www-gpsg.mit.edu/~simon/gtgk/〉 (Sept. 24, 2009).
Gao, Y., and Li, Z. (1998). “Ionosphere effect and modeling for regional area differential GPS network.” 11th Int. Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the U.S. Institute of Navigation, ION, Manassas, VA, 91–98.
Gao, Y., Li, Z., and McLellan, J. F. (1997). “Carrier phase based regional area differential GPS for decimeter-level positioning and navigation.” 10th Int. Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division, ION, Manassas, VA, 1305–1313.
Grejner-Brzezinska, D. A., Arslan, N., Wielgosz, P., and Hong, C.-K. (2009). “Network calibration for unfavorable reference-rover geometry in network-based RTK: Ohio CORS case study.” J. Surv. Eng., 135(3), 90–100.
Grejner-Brzezinska, D. A., Kashani, I., and Wielgosz, P. (2004). “Analysis of the network geometry and station separation for network-based RTK.” ION National Technical Meeting, Manassas, VA, 469–474.
Han, S., and Rizos, C. (1996). “GPS network design and error mitigation for real-time continuous array monitoring systems.” Proc., 9th Int. Tech. Meeting of the Satellite Division, ION, Manassas, VA.
Hofmann-Wellenhof, B., Lichtenegger, H., and Collins, J. (1997). GPS: Theory and practice, 4th Ed.,Springer Wien, New York, 188.
Raquet, J. (1997). “Multiple user network carrier-phase ambiguity resolution.” Int. Symp. on Kinematic Systems in Geodesy (KIS-97), Geomatics and Navigation, Banff, Canada, 45–55.
Schaffrin, B., and Iz, H. B. (2002). “BLIMPBE and its geodetic applications.” Vistas for geodesy in the new millennium, J. Adam, and K.-P. Schwarz, eds., Springer, Berlin, 377–381.
Snow, K. (2002). “Applications of parameter estimation and hypothesis testing to gps network adjustments.” Rep. No. 465, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Geodetic Science, The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH.
Snow, K., and Schaffrin, B. (2003). “Three-dimensional outlier detection for GPS networks and their densification via the BLIMPBE approach.” GPS Solutions, 7(2), 130–139.
Snow, K., and Schaffrin, B. (2007). “GPS network analysis with BLIMPBE: An alternative to least-squares adjustment for better bias control.” J. Surv. Eng., 133(3), 114–122.
Vallet, J. (2007). “GPS/IMU and LiDAR integration to aerial photogrammetry: Development and practical experiences with Helimap System.” Helimap System, 〈http://www.helimap.ch〉 (Jan. 2010).
van der Marel, H. (1998). “Virtual GPS reference stations in the Netherlands.” 11th Int. Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division, ION, Manassas, VA, 49–58.
Wanninger, L. (1995). “Improved ambiguity resolution by regional differential modeling of the ionosphere.” 8th Int. Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division, ION, Manassas, VA, 55–62.
Wübbena, G., Bagge, A., Seeber, G., Böder, V., and Hankemeier, P. (1996). “Reducing distance dependent errors for real-time precise DGPS applications by establishing reference station networks.” 9th Int. Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division, ION, Manassas, VA, 1845–1852.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2011 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Apr 2, 2010
Published online: Sep 22, 2010
Accepted: Sep 30, 2010
Published in print: Aug 1, 2011
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.