Reliability of Existing and Proposed North American Design Provisions for RHS Compression Members with Slender Elements
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 148, Issue 8
Abstract
Design provisions for axially compressed rectangular hollow section (RHS) members with slender elements were evaluated using an approximate first-order reliability method analysis. A total of 342 nonlinear finite-element models, covering a range of width-to-thickness, height-to-thickness, and nondimensional slenderness ratios, were developed and analyzed. Calculated ranges of reliability indexes () were computed and compared with values obtained from the expanded separation factor approach and with target values in codes. The results showed that the Canadian Standards Association (CSA S16:19) design provisions for locally slender RHS compression members are imprecise, resulting in underpredictions of column strength by as much as 22%. AISC 360-16 design provisions, and a recently proposed modified CSA approach were shown to be better predictors. Considering all 342 columns together, the current resistance factor of was shown to be acceptable in both codes.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
References
AISC. 1963. Specification for the design, fabrication and erection of structural steel for buildings. New York: AISC.
AISC. 1969. Specification for the design, fabrication and erection of structural steel for buildings. New York: AISC.
AISC. 2016. Specification for structural steel buildings. AISC 360-16. Chicago: AISC.
AISI (American Iron and Steel Institute). 1961. Light gage cold-formed steel design manual. New York: AISI.
AISI (American Iron and Steel Institute). 1968. Specification for the design of cold-formed steel structural members. New York: AISI.
ASCE. 2016. Minimum design loads and associated criteria for buildings and other structures. ASCE/SEI 7-16. Reston, VA: ASCE.
AS (Standards Australia). 1991. Structural steel hollow sections. AS 1163. Sydney, Australia: AS.
CEN. 2006. Cold-formed welded structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels. EN 10219-1. Brussels, Belgium: European Committee for Standardization.
CISC. 2021. Handbook of steel construction. 12th ed. Toronto, Canada: Canadian Institute of Steel Construction.
CSA (Canadian Standards Association). 2011. Guidelines for the development of limit states design standards. CSA S408-11. Toronto, Canada: CSA.
CSA (Canadian Standards Association). 2018. General requirements for rolled or welded structural quality steel/Structural quality steel. CSA G40.20-13/G40.21-13 (R2018). Toronto, Canada: CSA.
CSA (Canadian Standards Association). 2019. Design of steel structures. CSA S16:19. Toronto, Canada: CSA.
Desmond, T. P., T. Peköz, and G. Winter. 1978. Local and overall buckling of cold formed compression members. Ithaca: Dept. of Structural Engineering Report, Cornell Univ.
DeWolf, J. T., T. Peokoz, and G. Winter. 1974. “Local and overall buckling of cold formed steel members.” J. Struct. Div. Am. Soc. Civ. Eng. 100 (10): 2017–2036. https://doi.org/10.1061/JSDEAG.0003909.
Ellingwood, B., T. V. Galambos, J. G. MacGregor, and C. A. Cornell. 1980. Development of a probability based load criterion for American National Standard A58. Special Publication 577. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards.
Ellobody, E., and B. Young. 2005. “Structural performance of cold-formed high strength stainless steel columns.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 61 (12): 1631–1649. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2005.05.001.
Fang, H., T.-M. Chan, and B. Young. 2018. “Material properties and residual stresses of octagonal high strength steel hollow sections.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 148 (Sep): 479–490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2018.06.007.
Fisher, J. W., T. V. Galambos, G. L. Kulak, and M. K. Ravindra. 1978. “Load and resistance factor design criteria for connectors.” J. Struct. Div. ASCE 104 (9): 1427–1441. https://doi.org/10.1061/JSDEAG.0004986.
Galambos, T. V., and M. K. Ravindra. 1977. “The basis for load and resistance factor design criteria of steel building structures.” Can. J. Civ. Eng. 4 (2): 178–189. https://doi.org/10.1139/l77-023.
Gardner, L., and X. Yun. 2018. “Description of stress-strain curves for cold-formed steels.” Constr. Build. Mater. 189 (Nov): 527–538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.08.195.
Kalyanaraman, V., and T. Peköz. 1978. “Analytical study of unstiffened elements.” J. Struct. Div. 104 (9): 1507–1524. https://doi.org/10.1061/JSDEAG.0004992.
Kennedy, D. J. L., and M. Gad Aly. 1980. “Limit states design of steel structures–Performance factors.” Can. J. Civ. Eng. 7 (1): 45–77. https://doi.org/10.1139/l80-005.
Key, P. W., S. W. Hasan, and G. J. Hancock. 1988. “Column behavior of cold-formed hollow sections.” J. Struct. Eng. 114 (2): 390–407. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1988)114:2(390).
Liu, J. 2016. “Updates to expected yield stress and tensile strength ratios for determination of expected member capacity in the 2016 AISC seismic provisions.” Eng. J. AISC 53 (4): 215–228.
Ma, J.-L., T.-M. Chan, and B. Young. 2018. “Design of cold-formed high-strength steel tubular stub columns.” J. Struct. Eng. ASCE 144 (6): 04018063. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0002046.
MacPhedran, I., and G. Y. Grondin. 2011. “A simple steel beam design curve.” Can. J. Civ. Eng. 38 (2): 141–153. https://doi.org/10.1139/L10-114.
Mirambell, E., and E. Real. 2000. “On the calculation of deflections in structural stainless-steel beams: An experimental and numerical investigation.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 54 (1): 109–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0143-974X(99)00051-6.
Nowak, A. S., and N. C. Lind. 1979. “Practical bridge code calibration.” J. Struct. Div. ASCE 105 (12): 2497–2510. https://doi.org/10.1061/JSDEAG.0005307.
NRC (National Research Council). 2020. National building code of Canada. Ottawa, Canada: NRC.
Nseir, J. 2015. Development of a new design method for the cross-section capacity of steel hollow sections. Doctoral dissertation, Dept. Agenco, Université de Liège.
Peköz, T. 1986. Development of a unified approach to the design of cold-formed steel members. Rep. No. S6 86-4. Washington, DC: American Iron and Steel Institute.
Ravindra, M. K., and T. V. Galambos. 1978. “Load and resistance factor design for steel.” J. Struct. Div. ASCE 104 (9): 1137–1353.
Schmidt, B. J., and F. M. Bartlett. 2002. “Review of resistance factor for steel: Resistance distributions and resistance factor calibration.” Can. J. Civ. Eng. 29 (1): 109–118. https://doi.org/10.1139/l01-082.
Tayyebi, K., and M. Sun. 2020. “Stub column behavior of heat-treated and galvanized RHS manufactured by different methods.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 166 (Mar): 105910-1–105910-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2019.105910.
Thomas, J. H., and K. Tousignant. 2021. “Design of class 4 hollow structural section compression members.” Can. J. Civ. Eng. 48 (11): 1541–1551. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2020-0446.
von Kármán, T., E. E. Sechler, and L. H. Donnell. 1932. “The strength of thin plates in compression.” Trans. Am. Soc. Mech. Eng. 54 (5): 53–58.
Wilkinson, T. J. 1999. “The plastic behaviour of cold-formed rectangular hollow sections.” Doctoral dissertation, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Sydney.
Winter, G. 1947. “Strength of thin steel compression flanges.” Trans. Am. Soc. Civ. Eng. 112 (1): 527–554. https://doi.org/10.1061/TACEAT.0006092.
Winter, G. 1970. Commentary on the 1969 edition of the specification for the design of cold-formed steel structural members. New York: American Iron and Steel Institute.
Yun, X., and L. Gardner. 2018. “The continuous strength method for the design of cold-formed steel non-slender tubular cross-sections.” Eng. Struct. 175 (Nov): 549–564. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.08.070.
Ziemian, R. D. 2010. Guide to stability design criteria for metal structures. 6th ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jan 13, 2022
Accepted: Apr 15, 2022
Published online: Jun 13, 2022
Published in print: Aug 1, 2022
Discussion open until: Nov 13, 2022
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.
Cited by
- Xiao Ding Bu, Vartkes Davidian, Jeffrey A. Packer, Wei Li, RHS Cross-Connections with Fully Offset Branches in Tension, Journal of Structural Engineering, 10.1061/JSENDH.STENG-12762, 150, 8, (2024).