Evaluation of the Seismic Performance of Unbonded Post-Tensioned Precast Concrete Walls with Internal and External Dampers. I: Experimental Research
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 148, Issue 8
Abstract
This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation on the performance of half-scale, unbonded, post-tensioning, precast concrete walls subjected to fully reversed cyclic loads. Moreover, this paper discusses the damage progression and failure mechanism of each specimen, associated with their construction details (damper types and confinement details of the boundary elements). Five isolated walls were tested, each consisting of precast concrete panels joined only by unbonded post-tensioning strands. The bottom joint of the walls featured two kinds of dampers: Three specimens had mild steel reinforcement, crossing the bottom joint, and the other two specimens had external replaceable hysteretic dampers, attached to the wall sides. Different types of confinement details at the boundary elements were used among the specimens. Steel fibers were mixed into the concrete of one specimen. The prestressing load ratio was 0.05 in most of the specimens. An additional axial load of 468.5 kN was applied to each specimen (additional axial load ratio of about 0.04), before any lateral loading. Quasi-static, displacement-controlled loads were applied to the specimens until a significant strength reduction was observed. Although only moderate axial loads were applied, most of the specimens sustained drifts above 3% while maintaining their lateral strength, gravity load stability, and self-centering. A better performance was observed in the specimens with external dampers, with drifts above 4%, less residual drifts and less cover concrete spalling, particularly in the specimen with steel fibers. The external dampers were very effective in dissipating energy before fracture, until 3% drifts. On the other hand, the specimens with internal dampers sustained unexpected damage at their bottom joint, after reaching their peak strength. For instance, the gravity load-carrying capacity of one specimen with internal dampers was compromised after 4% drifts. Then, the use of external replaceable dampers provided higher performance and post-earthquake recovery for unbonded post-tensioned precast walls. Additional design recommendations are provided based on the test results.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
Some or all data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
The experimental work presented here was financially supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) through its Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research program (KAKENHI), Grant Nos. 16K06572 (Principal Investigator: M. Tani) and 16H02373 (Principal Investigator: S. Kono). In addition, Sumitomo (SEI) Steel Wire Corp., Splice Sleeve Japan, Ltd., Haiko-Honten Co., Ltd., P.S. Mitsubishi Construction Co., Ltd., and Sumikura-kozai Co., Ltd. supported the construction of the test specimens. The assistance of Kaiwei Zhang, Duc Quang Tran, and Sakie Shiotani, former graduate students at Kyoto University, is appreciated. The first author thanks the financial support of the Peruvian National Council of Science, Technology, and Technological Innovation (CONCYTEC/CIENCIACTIVA) for his doctoral studies at Kyoto University, where this research was conducted. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, and/or recommendations expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the individuals or organizations abovementioned.
References
ACI. 2009. Requirements for design of a special unbonded post-tensioned precast shear wall satisfying ACI ITG-5.1 and commentary. ACI ITG-5.2-09. Farmington Hills, MI: ACI.
ACI. 2019. Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary. ACI 318-19. Farmington Hills, MI: ACI.
ACI (American Concrete Institute). 2007. Acceptance criteria for special unbonded post-tensioned precast structural walls based on validation testing. ACI ITG 5.1-07. Farmington Hills, MI: ACI.
Bedriñana, L. A. 2018. “Seismic performance and seismic design of damage-controlled prestressed concrete building structures.” Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Architecture and Architectural Engineering, Kyoto Univ.
Bedriñana, L. A., M. Tani, S. Kono, and M. Nishiyama. 2022. “Evaluation of the seismic performance of unbonded post-tensioned precast concrete walls with internal and external dampers. II: Design criteria and numerical investigation.” J. Struct. Eng. 148 (8): 04022106. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0003395.
Bedriñana, L. A., M. Tani, and M. Nishiyama. 2021. “Deformation and cyclic buckling capacity of external replaceable hysteretic dampers for unbonded post-tensioned precast concrete walls.” Eng. Struct. 235 (May): 112045. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.112045.
Bedriñana, L. A., K. Zhang, and M. Nishiyama. 2018. “Evaluation of the behavior and ultimate capacity of unbonded monostrand-anchorage systems under concentric and eccentric inelastic cyclic loading.” Eng. Struct. 176 (Dec): 632–651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.09.036.
Belleri, A., M. J. Schoettler, J. I. Restrepo, and R. B. Fleischman. 2014. “Dynamic behavior of rocking and hybrid cantilever walls in a precast concrete building (with Appendix).” ACI Struct. J. 111 (3): 661–671. https://doi.org/10.14359/51686778.
Eatherton, M. R., and J. F. Hajjar. 2014. “Hybrid simulation testing of a self-centering rocking steel braced frame system.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 43 (11): 1725–1742. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2419.
Gavridou, S., J. W. Wallace, T. Nagae, T. Matsumori, K. Tahara, and K. Fukuyama. 2017. “Shake-table test of a full-scale 4-story precast concrete building. I: Overview and experimental results.” J. Struct. Eng. 143 (6): 04017034. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001755.
Guan, D., S. Yang, L. J. Jia, and Z. Guo. 2020. “Development of miniature bar-type structural fuses with cold formed bolted connections.” Steel Compos. Struct. 34 (1): 53–73. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2020.34.1.053.
Holden, T., J. Restrepo, and J. B. Mander. 2003. “Seismic performance of precast reinforced and prestressed concrete walls.” J. Struct. Eng. 129 (3): 286–296. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2003)129:3(286).
ICC-ES (International Code Council Evaluation Service). 2012. Proposed revisions to the acceptance criteria for mechanical connector systems for steel reinforcing bars. ICC-ES AC133. Whittier, CA: ICC-ES.
Iqbal, A., S. Pampanin, A. Palermo, and A. H. Buchanan. 2015. “Performance and design of LVL walls coupled with UFP dissipaters.” J. Earthquake Eng. 19 (3): 383–409. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2014.987406.
Kam, W. Y., S. Pampanin, and K. Elwood. 2011. “Seismic performance of reinforced concrete buildings in the 22 February Christchurch (Lyttelton) earthquake.” Bull. N. Z. Soc. Earthquake Eng. 44 (4): 239–278. https://doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.44.4.239-278.
Khanmohammadi, M., and S. Heydari. 2015. “Seismic behavior improvement of reinforced concrete shear wall buildings using multiple rocking systems.” Eng. Struct. 100 (Oct): 577–589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.06.043.
Kurama, Y., S. Pessiki, R. Sause, and L.-W. Lu. 1999. “Seismic behavior and design of unbonded post-tensioned precast concrete walls.” PCI J. 44 (3): 72–89. https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij.05011999.72.89.
Kurama, Y. C., S. Sritharan, R. B. Fleischman, J. I. Restrepo, R. S. Henry, N. M. Cleland, S. K. Ghosh, and P. Bonelli. 2018. “Seismic-resistant precast concrete structures: State of the art.” J. Struct. Eng. 144 (4): 03118001. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001972.
Li, X., G. Wu, Y. C. Kurama, and H. Cui. 2020. “Experimental comparisons of repairable precast concrete shear walls with a monolithic cast-in-place wall.” Eng. Struct. 216 (Aug): 110671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.110671.
Liu, Q., C. W. French, and S. Sritharan. 2021. “Comparative response of rocking-wall systems with cast-in-place and precast floor systems in buildings.” Eng. Struct. 234 (May): 111942. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.111942.
Marquis, F., J. J. Kim, K. J. Elwood, and S. E. Chang. 2017. “Understanding post-earthquake decisions on multi-storey concrete buildings in Christchurch, New Zealand.” Bull. Earthquake Eng. 15 (2): 731–758. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-015-9772-8.
Marriott, D., S. Pampanin, D. Bull, and A. Palermo. 2008. “Dynamic testing of precast, post-tensioned rocking wall systems with alternative dissipating solutions.” Bull. N. Z. Soc. Earthquake Eng. 41 (2): 90–103. https://doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.41.2.90-103.
Massone, L. M., P. Bonelli, R. Lagos, C. Lüders, J. Moehle, and J. W. Wallace. 2012. “Seismic design and construction practices for RC structural wall buildings:” Earthquake Spectra 28 (S1): S1–S11.
NILIM (National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management). 2015. Commentary on structural regulations of the building standard law of Japan, 168–177. [In Japanese.] Tokyo: NILIM and Building Research Institute.
Perez, F. J., S. Pessiki, and R. Sause. 2013. “Experimental lateral load response of unbonded post-tensioned precast concrete walls.” ACI Struct. J. 110 (6): 1045–1055.
Perez, F. J., R. Sause, and S. Pessiki. 2007. “Analytical and experimental lateral load behavior of unbonded posttensioned precast concrete walls.” J. Struct. Eng. 133 (11): 1531–1540. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2007)133:11(1531).
Priestley, M. J. N., S. Sritharan, J. R. Conley, and S. Pampanin. 1999. “Preliminary results and conclusions from the PRESSS five-story precast concrete test building.” PCI J. 44 (6): 42–67. https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij.11011999.42.67.
Restrepo, J. I., and A. Rahman. 2007. “Seismic performance of self-centering structural walls incorporating energy dissipators.” J. Struct. Eng. 133 (11): 1560–1570. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2007)133:11(1560).
Sarti, F., A. Palermo, and S. Pampanin. 2016. “Fuse-type external replaceable dissipaters: Experimental program and numerical modeling.” J. Struct. Eng. 142 (12): 04016134. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001606.
Smith, B. J., and Y. C. Kurama. 2014. “Seismic design guidelines for special hybrid precast concrete shear walls.” PCI J. 59 (3): 43–59. https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij.06012014.43.59.
Smith, B. J., Y. C. Kurama, and M. J. McGinnis. 2011. “Design and measured behavior of a hybrid precast concrete wall specimen for seismic regions.” J. Struct. Eng. 137 (10): 1052–1062. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000327.
Smith, B. J., Y. C. Kurama, and M. J. McGinnis. 2013. “Behavior of precast concrete shear walls for seismic regions: Comparison of hybrid and emulative specimens.” J. Struct. Eng. 139 (11): 1917–1927. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000755.
Smith, B. J., Y. C. Kurama, and M. J. McGinnis. 2015. “Perforated hybrid precast shear walls for seismic regions.” ACI Struct. J. 112 (3): 359–370. https://doi.org/10.14359/51687410.
Stanton, J., W. C. Stone, and G. S. Cheok. 1997. “A hybrid reinforced precast frame for seismic regions.” PCI J. 42 (2): 20–23. https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij.03011997.20.23.
Toranzo, L. A., J. I. Restrepo, J. B. Mander, and A. J. Carr. 2009. “Shake-table tests of confined-masonry rocking walls with supplementary hysteretic damping.” J. Earthquake Eng. 13 (6): 882–898. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632460802715040.
Wallace, J. W., L. M. Massone, P. Bonelli, J. Dragovich, R. Lagos, C. Lüders, and J. Moehle. 2012. “Damage and implications for seismic design of RC structural wall buildings.” Earthquake Spectra 28 (1_suppl1): 281–299. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.4000047.
Walsh, K. Q., and Y. C. Kurama. 2010. “Behavior of unbonded post-tensioning monostrand anchorage systems under monotonic tensile loading.” PCI J. 55 (1): 97–117. https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij.01012010.97.117.
Walsh, K. Q., and Y. C. Kurama. 2012. “Effects of loading conditions on the behavior of unbonded post-tensioning strand-anchorage systems.” PCI J. 57 (1): 76–96. https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij.01012012.76.96.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 148 • Issue 8 • August 2022
Copyright
© 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: May 22, 2021
Accepted: Jan 26, 2022
Published online: Jun 8, 2022
Published in print: Aug 1, 2022
Discussion open until: Nov 8, 2022
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.
Cited by
- Linzi Fan, Jialong Wei, Yao Chen, Jian Feng, Pooya Sareh, Shear Performance of Large-Thickness Precast Shear Walls with Cast-in-Place Belts and Grouting Sleeves, ASCE-ASME Journal of Risk and Uncertainty in Engineering Systems, Part A: Civil Engineering, 10.1061/AJRUA6.RUENG-1000, 9, 2, (2023).
- Luis Alberto Bedriñana, Masanori Tani, Susumu Kono, Minehiro Nishiyama, Evaluation of the Seismic Performance of Unbonded Post-Tensioned Precast Concrete Walls with Internal and External Dampers. II: Design Criteria and Numerical Research, Journal of Structural Engineering, 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0003395, 148, 8, (2022).