Risk-Informed Design Optimization of Vertically Distributed Tuned Liquid Wall Dampers for Multihazard Mitigation
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 148, Issue 3
Abstract
Supplemental damping devices, including passive, semiactive, and active systems, can be employed to reduce vibrations caused by various hazards. This paper examined tuned liquid column dampers (TLCDs), a specialized type of tuned mass damper typically used to reduce the response of the structure around a specific frequency. A variation of the tuned liquid damper previously studied by the authors is a tuned liquid wall damper (TLWD), in which multiple liquid columns are embedded within a RC shear wall. The TLWD eliminates the space requirement of a conventional tuned liquid damper by distributing the liquid mass vertically into multiple columns throughout the structural shear wall system, and enables reaching a higher frequency range through the design of the TLWD geometries. This study investigated the optimal design of TLWD systems to mitigate multiple hazards, in particular nonsimultaneous wind and seismic hazards, based on a life-cycle cost (LCC) objective function. This was done using a probabilistic life-cycle analysis procedure that leveraged Bayesian optimization (BO) to search for the most promising permutation of tuning parameters that minimize the LCC under the design loads, with Monte Carlo simulations used to propagate the record-to-record variability of wind and seismic hazards. The proposed procedure was demonstrated on a 20- and a 42-story building subjected to nonsimultaneous wind and seismic excitations. The vertically distributed TLWDs were subjected to geometric constraints provided by the wall systems, and tuned to multiple frequencies enabling multimode mitigation. Afterward, the optimal tuning parameters were identified using the LCC-BO algorithm. Results showed that the multimode TLWD tuned with optimal tuning parameters effectively mitigated both wind and seismic hazards, leading to 32.8% and 43% total LCC reduction for the 20- and 42-story buildings, respectively, compared with the buildings without dampers, excluding the cost of the mitigation system. A performance comparison with a traditional tuned liquid column damper (TLCD) installed at the top of the buildings demonstrated that the multimode TLWD system outperformed the TLCD with an approximate 9% reduction in LCC for both the 20- and 42-story buildings.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
This material is based in part upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CMMI-1562992. Their support is gratefully acknowledged. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.
References
Altay, O., and S. Klinkel. 2018. “A semi-active tuned liquid column damper for lateral vibration control of high-rise structures: Theory and experimental verification.” Struct. Control Health Monit. 25 (12): e2270. https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.2270.
ASCE. 2017. Minimum design loads and associated criteria for buildings and other structures. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Cao, L., Y. Gong, F. Ubertini, H. Wu, A. Chen, and S. Laflamme. 2020. “Development and validation of a nonlinear dynamic model for tuned liquid multiple columns dampers.” J. Sound Vib. 487 (Nov): 115624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2020.115624.
Chen, G. 1996. “Multistage tuned mass damper.” In Proc., 11th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier.
Chen, G., and J. Wu. 2001. “Optimal placement of multiple tune mass dampers for seismic structures.” J. Struct. Eng. 127 (9): 1054–1062. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2001)127:9(1054).
Chowdhury, A., M. Iwuchukwu, and J. Garske. 1987. “The past and future of seismic effectiveness of tuned mass dampers.” In Structural control, 105–127. New York: Springer.
Clark, A. J. 1988. “Multiple passive tuned mass dampers for reducing earthquake induced building motion.” In Vol. 779 of Proc., 9th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, 784. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier.
Connor, J., and S. Laflamme. 2014. Structural motion engineering. New York: Springer.
Cui, W., and L. Caracoglia. 2015. “Simulation and analysis of intervention costs due to wind-induced damage on tall buildings.” Eng. Struct. 87 (Mar): 183–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.01.001.
Daniel, Y., and O. Lavan. 2014. “Gradient based optimal seismic retrofitting of 3D irregular buildings using multiple tuned mass dampers.” Comput. Struct. 139 (Jul): 84–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2014.03.002.
Deodatis, G. 1996. “Simulation of ergodic multivariate stochastic processes.” J. Eng. Mech. 122 (8): 778–787. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1996)122:8(778).
Emil, S., and S. Robert. 2008. Wind effects on structures: Fundamentals and applications to design. New York: Dover Publications.
FEMA. 1992. A benefit-cost model for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings. FEMA 227. Washington, DC: FEMA.
Gao, H., K. Kwok, and B. Samali. 1999. “Characteristics of multiple tuned liquid column dampers in suppressing structural vibration.” Eng. Struct. 21 (4): 316–331. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(97)00183-1.
Ghobarah, A. 2004. “On drift limits associated with different damage levels.” Vol. 28 of Proc., Int. Workshop on Performance-Based Seismic design. Hamilton, ON: McMaster Univ.
Idelchik, I. E. 1986. Handbook of hydraulic resistance. Washington, DC: Hemisphere Publishing.
Ierimonti, L., I. Venanzi, and L. Caracoglia. 2018. “Life-cycle damage-based cost analysis of tall buildings equipped with tuned mass dampers.” J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 176 (May): 54–64.
Kareem, A., T. Kijewski, and Y. Tamura. 1999. “Mitigation of motions of tall buildings with specific examples of recent applications.” Wind Struct. 2 (3): 201–251. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.1999.2.3.201.
Kleingesinds, S., O. Lavan, and I. Venanzi. 2021. “Life-cycle cost-based optimization of mtmds for tall buildings under multiple hazards.” Struct. Infrastruct. Eng. 17 (7): 921–940. https://doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2020.1778741.
Lamb, S., K. C. Kwok, and D. Walton. 2014. “A longitudinal field study of the effects of wind-induced building motion on occupant wellbeing and work performance.” J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 133 (Oct): 39–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2014.07.008.
Micheli, L., A. Alipour, S. Laflamme, and P. Sarkar. 2019. “Performance-based design with life-cycle cost assessment for damping systems integrated in wind excited tall buildings.” Eng. Struct. 195 (Sep): 438–451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.04.009.
Micheli, L., L. Cao, and S. Laflamme. 2020a. “Surrogate-based performance evaluation strategy for high performance control systems under uncertainties.” In Vol. 11376 of Proc., Active and Passive Smart Structures and Integrated Systems XIV, 1137621. Reston, VA: International Society for Optics and Photonics.
Micheli, L., L. Cao, S. Laflamme, and A. Alipour. 2020b. “Life-cycle cost evaluation strategy for high-performance control systems under uncertainties.” J. Eng. Mech. 146 (2): 04019134. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0001711.
Min, K.-W., H.-S. Kim, S.-H. Lee, H. Kim, and S. K. Ahn. 2005. “Performance evaluation of tuned liquid column dampers for response control of a 76-story benchmark building.” Eng. Struct. 27 (7): 1101–1112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2005.02.008.
Mitropoulou, C. C., N. D. Lagaros, and M. Papadrakakis. 2011. “Life-cycle cost assessment of optimally designed reinforced concrete buildings under seismic actions.” Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf. 96 (10): 1311–1331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2011.04.002.
Moehle, J., Y. Bozorgnia, N. Jayaram, P. Jones, M. Rahnama, and N. Shome. 2011. Case studies of the seismic performance of tall buildings designed by alternative means. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center.
Mohebbi, M., K. Shakeri, Y. Ghanbarpour, and H. Majzoub. 2013. “Designing optimal multiple tuned mass dampers using genetic algorithms (gas) for mitigating the seismic response of structures.” J. Vib. Control 19 (4): 605–625. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077546311434520.
Moon, K. S. 2010. “Vertically distributed multiple tuned mass dampers in tall buildings: Performance analysis and preliminary design.” Struct. Des. Tall Special Build. 19 (3): 347–366.
NOOA. 2021. “National data Buoy center.” Accessed February 12, 2012. https://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/.
Ohtori, Y., R. Christenson, B. Spencer Jr., and S. Dyke. 2004. “Benchmark control problems for seismically excited nonlinear buildings.” J. Eng. Mech. 130 (4): 366–385. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2004)130:4(366).
Padgett, J. E., K. Dennemann, and J. Ghosh. 2010. “Risk-based seismic life-cycle cost–benefit (LCC-B) analysis for bridge retrofit assessment.” Struct. Saf. 32 (3): 165–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2009.10.003.
PEER (Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research). 2021. “PEER ground motion database.” Accessed February 12, 2012. https://ngawest2.berkeley.edu/site.
Pietrosanti, D., M. De Angelis, and M. Basili. 2017. “Optimal design and performance evaluation of systems with tuned mass damper inerter (tmdi).” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 46 (8): 1367–1388. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2861.
Rasmussen, C. E. 2003. “Gaussian processes in machine learning.” In Summer school on machine learning, 63–71. New York: Springer.
Rojahn, C., and R. L. Sharpe. 1985. Earthquake damage evaluation data for California. Washington, DC: Applied Technology Council.
Saaed, T. E., G. Nikolakopoulos, J.-E. Jonasson, and H. Hedlund. 2015. “A state-of-the-art review of structural control systems.” J. Vib. Control 21 (5): 919–937. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077546313478294.
Saoka, Y., F. Sakai, S. Takaeda, and T. Tamaki. 1988. “On the suppression of vibrations by tuned liquid column dampers.” In Proc., Annual Meeting of JSCE, Tokyo: JSCE.
Shahriari, B., K. Swersky, Z. Wang, R. P. Adams, and N. De Freitas. 2015. “Taking the human out of the loop: A review of bayesian optimization.” Proc. IEEE 104 (1): 148–175. https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2015.2494218.
Shin, H., and M. Singh. 2017. “Minimum life-cycle cost-based optimal design of yielding metallic devices for seismic loads.” Eng. Struct. 144 (Aug): 174–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.04.054.
Snoek, J., H. Larochelle, and R. P. Adams. 2012. “Practical bayesian optimization of machine learning algorithms.” In Advances in neural information processing systems, 25. Burlington, MA: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers.
Soong, T., and B. Spencer Jr. 2002. “Supplemental energy dissipation: State-of-the-art and state-of-the-practice.” Eng. Struct. 24 (3): 243–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(01)00092-X.
Suresh, L., and K. Mini. 2019. “Effect of multiple tuned mass dampers for vibration control in high-rise buildings.” Pract. Period. Struct. Des. Constr. 24 (4): 04019031. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)SC.1943-5576.0000453.
Taflanidis, A. A., and J. L. Beck. 2009. “Life-cycle cost optimal design of passive dissipative devices.” Struct. Saf. 31 (6): 508–522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2009.06.010.
USGS. 2021. “Earthquake hazards program.” Accessed February 12, 2012. https://earthquake.usgs.gov/.
Venanzi, I., O. Lavan, L. Ierimonti, and S. Fabrizi. 2018. “Multihazard loss analysis of tall buildings under wind and seismic loads.” Struct. Infrastruct. Eng. 14 (10): 1295–1311. https://doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2018.1442482.
Wang, Z., L. Cao, F. Ubertini, and S. Laflamme. 2021. “Numerical investigation and design of reinforced concrete shear wall equipped with tuned liquid multiple columns dampers.” Shock Vib. 2021: 6610811. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6610811.
Wen, Y.-K., and Y. Kang. 2001. “Minimum building life-cycle cost design criteria. I: Methodology.” J. Struct. Eng. 127 (3): 330–337. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2001)127:3(330).
Wong, K. K., and J. Johnson. 2009. “Seismic energy dissipation of inelastic structures with multiple tuned mass dampers.” J. Eng. Mech. 135 (4): 265–275. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2009)135:4(265).
Yan, X., Z.-D. Xu, and Q.-X. Shi. 2020. “Fuzzy neural network control algorithm for asymmetric building structure with active tuned mass damper.” J. Vib. Control 26 (21–22): 2037–2049. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077546320910003.
Zuo, L., and S. A. Nayfeh. 2005. “Optimization of the individual stiffness and damping parameters in multiple-tuned-mass-damper systems.” J. Vib. Acoust. 127 (1): 77–83. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1855929.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 148 • Issue 3 • March 2022
Copyright
© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: May 17, 2021
Accepted: Oct 26, 2021
Published online: Dec 27, 2021
Published in print: Mar 1, 2022
Discussion open until: May 27, 2022
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.
Cited by
- Luca Caracoglia, Jamie E. Padgett, Ilaria Venanzi, Risk-Informed and Life-Cycle Analyses of Structures and Infrastructures, Journal of Structural Engineering, 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0003495, 148, 12, (2022).
- Zhe Wang, Filippo Ubertini, Simon Laflamme, Ensemble of long short-term memory recurrent neural network for semi-active control of tuned liquid wall damper, Engineering Structures, 10.1016/j.engstruct.2022.114771, 270, (114771), (2022).