Technical Papers
Dec 21, 2021

Seismic Characteristics of Concentrated Linked Beam Frame System

Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 148, Issue 3

Abstract

Superior ductility and architectural versatility of moment resisting frames introduce them as a favorable candidate in high seismic regions. As they are not concentrated structural systems, they are hardly used in retrofitting old frames. Instead, braced spans or linked column frame systems are more efficient in strengthening. The concentrated linked beam frame system is used in this paper to strengthen a building frame without a lateral load resisting system. The link elements are added between the beams of two adjacent stories and are continuous through the building height but not connected to the foundation. The links are required for strength and drift control and are also the potential sources of energy dissipation. The prototype buildings of three, six, and nine stories are evaluated using linear and nonlinear analyses and the responses are compared with the concentrically braced and linked column frames. The results indicate that proper ductility is achieved with a smaller percentage of steel material. Evaluation of the proposed system with nonlinear dynamic analysis shows an acceptable response in the nonlinear range.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

Data Availability Statement

All data and models that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

References

Ahlehagh, S., and S. R. Mirghaderi. 2020. “Decoupling the strength and drift criteria in steel moment-resisting frames.” Struct. Des. Tall Special Build. 29 (17): e1804. https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.1804.
AISC. 2016a. Seismic provisions for structural steel buildings. ANSI/AISC 341-10. Chicago: AISC.
AISC. 2016b. Specification for structural steel buildings. ANSI/AISC 360-16. Chicago: AISC.
ASCE. 2016a. Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures. ASCE/SEI 7-16. Reston, VA: ASCE.
ASCE. 2016b. Seismic rehabilitation of existing buildings. ASCE/SEI 41-16. Reston, VA: ASCE.
ATC (Applied Technology Council). 2010. Modeling and acceptance criteria for seismic design and analysis of tall buildings. PEER/ATC 72-1. Redwood City, CA: ATC.
Badoux, M., and J. O. Jirsa. 1990. “Steel bracing of RC frames for seismic retrofitting.” J. Struct. Eng. 116 (1): 55–74. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1990)116:1(55).
Balazadeh-Minouei, Y., R. Tremblay, and S. Koboevic. 2018. “Seismic retrofit of an existing 10-story chevron-braced steel-frame.” J. Struct. Eng. 144 (10): 04018180. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0002180.
Carofilis, W., D. Perrone, G. J. O’Reilly, R. Monteiro, and A. Filiatrault. 2020. “Seismic retrofit of existing school buildings in Italy: Performance evaluation and loss estimation.” Eng. Struct. 225 (Dec): 111243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111243.
Di Sarno, L., and G. J. Elnashai. 2009. “Bracing systems for seismic retrofitting of steel frames.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 65 (2): 452–465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2008.02.013.
Dusicka, P., and R. Iwai. 2007. “Development of linked column frame system for seismic lateral loads.” In Proc., of the SEI Structures Congress. Reston, VA: ASCE.
FEMA. 2000. State of the art report on past performance of steel moment frame buildings in earthquakes. FEMA 355E. Washington, DC: FEMA.
FEMA. 2006. Techniques for the seismic rehabilitation of existing buildings. FEMA-547. Washington, DC: FEMA.
FEMA. 2009. Quantification of building seismic performance factors. FEMA-P695. Washington, DC: FEMA.
Gupta, A., and H. Krawinkler. 1999. Seismic demands for performance evaluation of steel moment resisting frame structures. Stanford, CA: Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford Univ.
Hsiao, P.-C., D. E. Lehman, J. W. Berman, C. W. Roeder, and J. Powell. 2014. “Seismic vulnerability of older braced frames.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil. 28 (1): 108–120. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0000394.
Ibarra, L. F., R. A. Medina, and H. Krawinkler. 2005. “Hysteretic models that incorporate strength and stiffness deterioration.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 34 (12): 1489–1511. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.495.
Khatib, I. F., S. A. Mahin, and K. S. Pister. 1988. Seismic behavior of concentrically braced steel frames. Berkeley, CA: Univ. of California.
Lignos, D. G., and H. Krawinkler. 2011. “Deterioration modeling of steel components in support of collapse prediction of steel moment frames under earthquake loading.” J. Struct. Eng. 137 (11): 1291–1302. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000376.
Lignos, D. G., D. M. Moreno, and S. L. Billington. 2014. “Seismic retrofit of steel moment-resisting frames with high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete infill panels: Large-scale hybrid simulation experiments.” J. Struct. Eng. 140 (3): 04013072. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000877.
Malakoutian, M., J. W. Berman, and P. Dusicka. 2013. “Seismic response evaluation of the linked column frame system.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 42 (6): 795–814. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2245.
McKenna, F., and G. L. Fenves. 2004. “Open system for earthquake engineering simulation (OpenSees).” Accessed September 28, 2016. http://opensees.berkeley.edu/.
Naeim, F. 2001. The seismic design handbook. New York: Springer.
NIST. 2010. Applicability of nonlinear multi degree of freedom modeling for design. NIST GCR 10-917-9. Gaithersburg, MD: NIST.
PEER (Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center). 2020. “NGA-West2 ground motion database.” Accessed December 25, 2020. http://ngawest2.berkeley.edu.
Qu, B., F. Sanchez-Zamora, and M. Pollino. 2014. “Mitigation of inter-story drift concentration in multi-story steel concentrically braced frames through implementation of rocking cores.” Eng. Struct. 70 (Jul): 208–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.03.032.
Sabelli, R., C. W. Roeder, and J. F. Hajjar. 2013. Seismic design of steel special concentrically braced frame systems: A guide for practicing engineers. Gaithersburg, MD: NIST.
Tirca, L., and R. Tremblay. 2004. “Influence of building height and ground motion type on the seismic behavior of zipper concentrically braced frames.” In Proc., 13th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering. Vancouver, Canada: Canadian Association for Earthquake Engineering.
Uriz, P., and S. A. Mahin. 2008. Toward earthquake-resistant design of concentrically braced steel-frame structures. Berkeley, CA: Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center.
Zareian, F., and R. A. Medina. 2010. “A practical method for proper modeling of structural damping in inelastic plane structural systems.” Comput. Struct. 88 (1–2): 45–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2009.08.001.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Structural Engineering
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 148Issue 3March 2022

History

Received: Jan 21, 2021
Accepted: Oct 20, 2021
Published online: Dec 21, 2021
Published in print: Mar 1, 2022
Discussion open until: May 21, 2022

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Sanaz Ahlehagh [email protected]
Ph.D. Student, School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Univ. of Tehran, Tehran 1417935840, Iran. Email: [email protected]
Seyed Rasoul Mirghaderi, Ph.D. [email protected]
Professor of Civil Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Univ. of Tehran, Tehran 1417935840, Iran (corresponding author). Email: [email protected]

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share