Unified Theoretical Model for Axially Loaded Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Stub Columns with Different Cross-Sectional Shapes
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 147, Issue 10
Abstract
The existing theoretical models for the analysis of concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns are mainly limited to circular specimens. This paper is aimed at developing a unified theoretical model which is applicable to CFST columns with different cross-sectional shapes, including circular, square, rectangular and round-ended specimens. CFST columns with different shapes (original columns) were replaced with equivalent circular columns by assuming that they have the same sectional areas of core concrete and steel tube. The difference in the behavior between the original and equivalent CFST columns is attributed to the shape effect, which is indicated and modelled by a confinement effectiveness factor. Then, a unified theoretical model for axially loaded CFST columns with different cross-sectional shapes was developed based on an equivalent circular column with the shape effect considered. A total of 982 CFST columns, including 550 circular columns, 396 rectangular (and square) columns, and 36 round-ended columns, were collected to assess the proposed model. Results suggest that the proposed model is capable of accurately predicting the load-carrying capacity and load-deflection curves of CFST columns with different cross-sectional shapes. Finally, the proposed theoretical model was adopted to develop a unified design model of axial load-carrying capacity.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful for the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 52008009, 51738001, and 51820105014), and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2020M670076).
References
ACI (American Concrete Institute). 2019. Building code requirements for structural concrete (ACI 318-19) and commentary. ACI 318-19. Farmington Hills, MI: ACI.
Aslani, F., B. Uy, Z. Tao, and F. Mashiri. 2015. “Behaviour and design of composite columns incorporating compact high-strength steel plates.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 107 (Apr): 94–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2015.01.005.
Attard, M. M., and S. Setunge. 1996. “Stress-strain relationship of confined and unconfined concrete.” ACI Mater. J. 93 (5): 432–442. https://doi.org/10.14359/9847.
Chen, C.-C., J.-W. Ko, G.-L. Huang, and Y.-M. Chang. 2012. “Local buckling and concrete confinement of concrete-filled box columns under axial load.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 78 (Nov): 8–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2012.06.006.
Chen, S., R. Zhang, L.-J. Jia, J.-Y. Wang, and P. Gu. 2018. “Structural behavior of UHPC filled steel tube columns under axial loading.” Thin-Walled Struct. 130 (Sep): 550–563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2018.06.016.
Choi, K.-K., and Y. Xiao. 2010. “Analytical model of circular CFRP confined concrete-filled steel tubular columns under axial compression.” J. Compos. Constr. 14 (1): 125–133. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000056.
Ding, F., L. Fu, Z. Yu, and G. Li. 2015. “Mechanical performances of concrete-filled steel tubular stub columns with round ends under axial loading.” Thin-Walled Struct. 97 (12): 22–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2015.07.021.
Ding, F. X., Q. Fu, and C. J. Fang. 2017. “Research on the mechanical behavior of concrete-filled round-ended weathering steel tubular stub columns under axially compressive loading.” [In Chinese.] J. Railway Eng. Soc. 34 (11): 33–38.
Du, Y., Z. Chen, and M. Xiong. 2016a. “Experimental behavior and design method of rectangular concrete filled tubular columns using Q460 high-strength steel.” Constr. Build. Mater. 125 (Oct): 856–872. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.08.057.
Du, Y., Z. Chen, and Y. Yu. 2016b. “Behavior of rectangular concrete-filled high-strength steel tubular columns with different aspect ratio.” Thin-Walled Struct. 109 (Dec): 304–318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2016.10.005.
Gu, L. X., F. X. Ding, L. Fu, and G. Li. 2014. “Mechanical behavior of concrete-filled round-ended steel tubular stub columns under axial load.” [In Chinese.] China J. Highway Transp. 27 (1): 57–63.
Han, L.-H. 2002. “Tests on stub columns of concrete-filled RHS sections.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 58 (3): 353–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0143-974X(01)00059-1.
Han, L.-H., W. Li, and R. Bjorhovde. 2014. “Developments and advanced applications of concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) structures: Members.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 100 (Sep): 211–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2014.04.016.
Han, L.-H., and G.-H. Yao. 2003. “Influence of concrete compaction on the strength of concrete-filled steel RHS columns.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 59 (6): 751–767. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0143-974X(02)00076-7.
Han, L.-H., and G.-H. Yao. 2004. “Experimental behaviour of thin-walled hollow structural steel (HSS) columns filled with self-consolidating concrete (SCC).” Thin Walled Struct. 42 (9): 1357–1377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2004.03.016.
Han, L.-H., G.-H. Yao, and X.-L. Zhao. 2005. “Tests and calculations for hollow structural steel (HSS) stub columns filled with self-consolidating concrete (SCC).” J. Constr. Steel Res. 61 (9): 1241–1269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2005.01.004.
Han, L.-H., X.-L. Zhao, and Z. Tao. 2001. “Tests and mechanics model of concrete-filled SHS stub columns, columns and beam-columns.” Steel Compos. Struct. 1 (1): 51–74. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2001.1.1.051.
Ibañez, C., D. Hernández-Figueirido, and A. Piquer. 2018. “Shape effect on axially loaded high strength CFST stub columns.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 147 (Aug): 247–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2018.04.005.
Johansson, M. 2002. “The efficiency of passive confinement in CFT columns.” Steel Compos. Struct. 2 (5): 379–396. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2002.2.5.379.
Lai, M. H., and J. C. M. Ho. 2016. “A theoretical axial stress-strain model for circular concrete-filled-steel-tube columns.” Eng. Struct. 125 (Oct): 124–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.06.048.
Lam, D., and L. Gardner. 2008. “Structural design of stainless steel concrete filled columns.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 64 (11): 1275–1282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2008.04.012.
Lam, L., and J. G. Teng. 2003. “Design-oriented stress-strain model for FRP-confined concrete in rectangular columns.” J. Reinf. Plast. Compos. 22 (13): 1149–1186. https://doi.org/10.1177/0731684403035429.
Lee, M. J., Y. S. Oh, and E. T. Lee. 2008. “Examination of yield stress limitation for concrete filled steel tube (CFST) column using SM570TMC steel.” In Tubular Structures XII, edited by Z. Y. Shen, Y. Y. Chen, and X.-Z. Zhao, 93–102. Leiden, The Netherlands: CRC Press.
Légeron, F., and P. Paultre. 2003. “Uniaxial confinement model for normal and high-strength concrete columns.” J. Struct. Eng. 129 (2): 241–252. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2003)129:2(241).
Lin, G., and J. G. Teng. 2020. “Advanced stress-strain model for FRP-confined concrete in square columns.” Composites, Part B 197 (Sep): 108149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.108149.
Lin, S., and Y.-G. Zhao. 2019. “Numerical study of the behaviors of axially loaded large-diameter CFT stub columns.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 160 (Sep): 54–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2019.05.020.
Lin, S., Y.-G. Zhao, and L. He. 2018. “Stress paths of confined concrete in axially loaded circular concrete-filled steel tube stub columns.” Eng. Struct. 173 (Oct): 1019–1028. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.06.112.
Lin, S., Y.-G. Zhao, J. Li, and Z.-H. Lu. 2021. “Confining stress path-based compressive strength model of axially loaded FRP-confined columns.” J. Compos. Constr. 25 (1): 04020077. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0001090.
Lin, S., Y.-G. Zhao, and Z.-H. Lu. 2020a. “Modified confining stress path dependent analytical model for axially loaded circular normal, high and ultra-high strength concrete-filled steel tube stub columns.” Compos. Struct. 242 (Jun): 112192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.112192.
Lin, S. Q., Y. G. Zhao, and Z. H. Lu. 2020b. “Fibre beam element models for nonlinear analysis of concentrically loaded circular CFST columns considering the size effect.” Eng. Struct. 210 (May): 110400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.110400.
Liu, D. 2005. “Tests on high-strength rectangular concrete-filled steel hollow section stub columns.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 61 (7): 902–911. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2005.01.001.
Liu, D., and W.-M. Gho. 2005. “Axial load behaviour of high-strength rectangular concrete-filled steel tubular stub columns.” Thin-Walled Struct. 43 (8): 1131–1142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2005.03.007.
Liu, D., W.-M. Gho, and J. Yuan. 2003. “Ultimate capacity of high-strength rectangular concrete-filled steel hollow section stub columns.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 59 (12): 1499–1515. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0143-974X(03)00106-8.
Mander, J. B., M. J. N. Priestley, and R. Park. 1988. “Theoretical stress-strain model for confined concrete.” J. Struct. Eng. 114 (8): 1804–1826. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1988)114:8(1804).
Monti, G., and E. Spacone. 2000. “Reinforced concrete fiber beam element with bond-slip.” J. Struct. Eng. 126 (6): 654–661. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2000)126:6(654).
Patel, V. I. 2020. “Analysis of uniaxially loaded short round-ended concrete-filled steel tubular beam-columns.” Eng. Struct. 205: 110098. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.110098.
Piquer, A., C. Ibañez, and D. Hernández-Figueirido. 2019. “Structural response of concrete-filled round-ended stub columns subjected to eccentric loads.” Eng. Struct. 184 (Apr): 318–328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.01.091.
Richart, F. E., A. Brandtzaeg, and R. L. Brown. 1928. A study of the failure of concrete under combined compressive stresses. Champaign, IL: Univ. of Illinois.
Sakino, K., H. Nakahara, S. Morino, and I. Nishiyama. 2004. “Behavior of centrally loaded concrete-filled steel-tube short columns.” J. Struct. Eng. 130 (2): 180–188. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2004)130:2(180).
Tao, Z., U. Katwal, B. Uy, and W.-D. Wang. 2021. “Simplified nonlinear simulation of rectangular concrete-filled steel tubular columns.” J. Struct. Eng. 147 (6): 04021061. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0003021.
Tao, Z., Z.-B. Wang, and Q. Yu. 2013. “Finite element modelling of concrete-filled steel stub columns under axial compression.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 89 (Oct): 121–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2013.07.001.
Teng, J. G., Y. M. Hu, and T. Yu. 2013. “Stress-strain model for concrete in FRP-confined steel tubular columns.” Eng. Struct. 49 (Apr): 156–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.11.001.
Teng, J. G., Y. L. Huang, L. Lam, and L. P. Ye. 2007. “Theoretical model for fiber reinforced polymer-confined concrete.” J. Compos. Constr. 11 (2): 201–210. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268(2007)11:2(201).
Tomii, M., and K. Sakino. 1979. “Experimental studies on the ultimate moment of concrete filled square steel tubular beam-columns.” Trans. Archit. Inst. Jpn. 275: 55–65. https://doi.org/10.3130/aijsaxx.275.0_55.
Uy, B. 1998. “Local and post-local buckling of concrete filled steel welded box columns.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 47 (1–2): 47–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0143-974X(98)80102-8.
Uy, B. 2001a. “Axial compressive strength of short steel and composite columns fabricated with high strength steel plate.” Steel Compos. Struct. 1 (2): 171–185. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2001.1.2.171.
Uy, B. 2001b. “Strength of short concrete filled high strength steel box columns.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 57 (2): 113–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0143-974X(00)00014-6.
Uy, B., M. Khan, Z. Tao, and F. Mashiri. 2013. “Behaviour and design of high-strength steel-concrete filled columns.” In Proc., 2013 World Congress on Advances in Structural Engineering and Mechanics (ASEM13), 150–167. Jeju, Korea: Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology.
Wee, T. H., M. S. Chin, and M. A. Mansur. 1996. “Stress-strain relationship of high-strength concrete in compression.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 8 (2): 70–76. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(1996)8:2(70).
Wu, M.-C., C.-C. Chen, and C.-C. Chen. 2018. “Size effect on axial behavior of concrete-filled box columns.” Adv. Struct. Eng. 21 (13): 2068–2078. https://doi.org/10.1177/1369433218766366.
Xiong, M.-X., D.-X. Xiong, and J. Y. R. Liew. 2017. “Axial performance of short concrete filled steel tubes with high- and ultra-high-strength materials.” Eng. Struct. 136 (Apr): 494–510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.01.037.
Yamamoto, T., J. Kawaguchi, and S. Morino. 2000. “Experimental study of scale effects on the compressive behavior of short concrete-filled steel tube columns.” In Proc., United Engineering Foundation Conf. on Composite Construction in Steel and Concrete IV (AICE). Banff, Canada: ASCE. https://doi.org/10.1061/40616(281)76.
Yan, X.-F., and Y.-G. Zhao. 2020. “Compressive strength of axially loaded circular concrete-filled double-skin steel tubular short columns.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 170 (Jul): 106114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2020.106114.
Yan, X.-F., and Y.-G. Zhao. 2021. “Experimental and numerical studies of circular sandwiched concrete axially loaded CFDST short columns.” Eng. Struct. 230 (Mar): 111617. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111617.
Yan, Y., L. Xu, B. Li, Y. Chi, M. Yu, K. Zhou, and Y. Song. 2019. “Axial behavior of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) filled stocky steel tubes with square sections.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 158 (Jul): 417–428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2019.03.018.
Young, B., and E. Ellobody. 2006. “Experimental investigation of concrete-filled cold-formed high strength stainless steel tube columns.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 62 (5): 484–492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2005.08.004.
Zhang, S., L. Guo, Z. Ye, and Y. Wang. 2005. “Behavior of steel tube and confined high strength concrete for concrete-filled RHS tubes.” Adv. Struct. Eng. 8 (2): 101–116. https://doi.org/10.1260/1369433054037976.
Zhu, A., X. Zhang, H. Zhu, J. Zhu, and Y. Lu. 2017. “Experimental study of concrete filled cold-formed steel tubular stub columns.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 134 (Jul): 17–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2017.03.003.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Dec 13, 2020
Accepted: Jun 9, 2021
Published online: Aug 4, 2021
Published in print: Oct 1, 2021
Discussion open until: Jan 4, 2022
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.
Cited by
- You-Fu Yang, Feng Fu, Min Liu, Cyclic Behavior of Four-Limbed Circular CFST Latticed Beam-Columns, Journal of Structural Engineering, 10.1061/JSENDH.STENG-13073, 150, 3, (2024).
- Peipeng Li, Jinfeng Jiang, Qi Li, Zhigang Ren, Axial compression performance and optimum design of round-cornered square CFST with high-strength materials, Journal of Building Engineering, 10.1016/j.jobe.2023.106145, 68, (106145), (2023).
- Chenghuan Lin, Jikai Zhou, Unified compressive strength model for axially loaded circular composite short columns, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 10.1016/j.jcsr.2023.107840, 203, (107840), (2023).
- Mohammadreza Zarringol, Vipulkumar Ishvarbhai Patel, Qing Quan Liang, Artificial neural network model for strength predictions of CFST columns strengthened with CFRP, Engineering Structures, 10.1016/j.engstruct.2023.115784, 281, (115784), (2023).
- Mizan Ahmed, Soheil Gohari, Khaled Sennah, Wensu Chen, Qing Quan Liang, Computational simulation of nonlinear inelastic behavior of circular concrete-filled stainless-steel tubular short columns incorporating confinement effects, Engineering Structures, 10.1016/j.engstruct.2022.115183, 274, (115183), (2023).
- Mizan Ahmed, M. Neaz Sheikh, Muhammad N.S. Hadi, Qing Quan Liang, Nonlinear analysis of square spiral-confined reinforced concrete-filled steel tubular short columns incorporating novel confinement model and interaction local buckling, Engineering Structures, 10.1016/j.engstruct.2022.115168, 274, (115168), (2023).
- Viet‐Linh Tran, Mizan Ahmed, Soheil Gohari, Prediction of the ultimate axial load of circular concrete‐filled stainless steel tubular columns using machine learning approaches, Structural Concrete, 10.1002/suco.202200877, (2023).
- Shan Gao, Jiayi Qu, Sumei Zhang, Lanhui Guo, Zhenhua Huang, A comparative study on mechanical and environmental performance of concrete-filled steel tubes using molybdenum tailing aggregate, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 10.1016/j.jcsr.2021.107100, 189, (107100), (2022).
- Weiqi Gao, Junhai Zhao, Junchao Fan, Haoqiang You, Zhou Wang, A theoretical model for predicting mechanical properties of circular concrete-filled steel tube short columns, Structures, 10.1016/j.istruc.2022.09.040, 45, (572-585), (2022).
- Zhenlin Li, Siqi Lin, Yan-Gang Zhao, Analytical model for concrete-filled double skin tube columns with different cross-sectional shapes under axial compression, Structures, 10.1016/j.istruc.2022.06.016, 43, (316-337), (2022).
- See more