Impact Resistance of Steel Frames with Different Beam–Column Connections Subject to Falling-Floor Impact on Various Locations
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 147, Issue 4
Abstract
In recent years, falling-floor impact scenarios have been studied because they may generate disproportionate collapse. A series of impact tests was carried out at Nanyang Technological University to investigate the dynamic behavior and impact resistance of steel-framed structures. Ten specimens with five types of beam–column connections—i.e., a welded unreinforced flange-bolted web connection (WUF-B), a reduced beam section connection (RBS), a fin-plate connection (FP), a reverse channel connection with flush end plate (RC-FEP), and a reverse channel connection with extended end plate (RC-EEP)—and two typical impact locations—i.e., at midspan for tensile/bending failure, and at beam end for shear failure—were tested under impact loads. Finite-element models were developed and validated against the experimental results. Numerical and experimental results indicated that the numerical model is capable of predicting the dynamic behavior of steel-framed specimens subjected to impact loading in terms of the impact force, displacement, energy absorption, and failure mode. The results showed that all specimens had greater failure displacement under midspan impact. Except Specimen FP, the specimens had greater impact force under beam-end impact. Only Specimen RC-FEP had greater energy absorption under beam-end impact than under midspan impact. Specimen RC-EEP and Specimen FP had the best and worst impact resistance, respectively, which was attributed to the greatest and lowest energy absorption at both impact locations.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data, models, and code generate or used during the study appear in the published article.
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51778086), the Chongqing Talents Plan for Young Talents (No. CQYC201905055), and the Ministry of Home Affairs in Singapore. The test specimens were supported by Professor Tan Kang Hai’s MHA project The Structural Resilience Study: A Study of Concrete Pre-Cast and Composite Steel Joints Subject to Missing Column Scenario. All tests were conducted by Wang Hao at Nanyang Technological University, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering.
References
BSI (British Standards Institution). 2005. Structural steel section—Part 1 specification of hot-rolled sections. BS 4-1. London: BSI.
Cui, P., Y. Liu, F. Chen, and J. Huo. 2018. “Dynamic behaviour of square tubular T-joins under impact loadings.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 143 (Apr): 208–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2017.12.028.
D’Antimo, M., M. Latour, G. Rizzano, and J. F. Edmonceau. 2019. “Experimental and numerical assessment of steel beams under impact loads.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 158 (Jul): 230–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2020.106368.
DoD (Department of Defense). 2009. Unified facilities criteria (UFC): Design of buildings to resist progressive collapse. UFC 4-023-03. Washington, DC: DoD.
Grimsmo, E. L., A. H. Clausen, M. Langseth, and A. Aalberg. 2015. “An experimental study of static and dynamic behaviour of bolted end-plate joints of steel.” Int. J. Impact Eng. 85 (Nov): 132–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2015.07.001.
GSA (General Services Administration). 2013. Alternate path analysis and design guidelines for progressive collapse resistance. Washington, DC: GSA.
Hallquist, J. O. 2014. LS-DYNA Keyword user’s manual II, material models. Livermore, CA: Livermore Software Technology Corporation.
Huo, J. S., J. Q. Zhang, Y. Z. Liu, and F. Fu. 2017. “Dynamic behaviour and catenary action of axially-restrained steel beam under impact loading.” Structures 11 (Aug): 84–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2017.04.005.
Kaewkulchai, G., and E. B. Williamson. 2006. “Modeling the impact of failed members for progressive collapse analysis of frame structures.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil. 20 (4): 375–383. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0887-3828(2006)20:4(375).
Kiakojouri, F., V. De Biagi, B. Chiaia, and M. R. Sheidaii. 2020. “Progressive collapse of framed building structures: Current knowledge and future prospects.” Eng. Struct. 206 (Mar): 110061. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.110061.
Liu, C., K. H. Tan, and T. C. Fung. 2016. “Investigations of nonlinear dynamic performance of top-and-seat with web angle connections subjected to sudden column removal.” Eng. Struct. 99 (Sep): 449–461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.05.010.
Vlassis, A. G., B. A. Izzuddin, A. Y. Elghazouli, and D. A. Nethercot. 2009. “Progressive collapse of multi-storey buildings due to failed floor impact.” Eng. Struct. 31 (7): 1522–1534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2009.02.009.
Wang, H., K. H. Tan, and B. Yang. 2020. “Experimental tests of steel frames with different beam–column connections under falling debris impact.” J. Struct. Eng. 146 (1): 04019183. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0002469.
Wang, H., B. Yang, X.-H. Zhou, and S.-B. Kang. 2016. “Numerical analyses on steel beams with fin-plate connections subjected to impact loads.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 124 (Sep): 101–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2016.05.016.
Yang, B., and K. H. Tan. 2013. “Experimental tests of different types of bolted steel beam–column joints under a central-column-removal scenario.” Eng. Struct. 54 (Sep): 112–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.03.037.
Yang, B., K. H. Tan, G. Xiong, and S. D. Nie. 2016. “Experimental study about composite frames under an internal column-removal scenario.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 121 (Jun): 341–351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2016.03.001.
Yu, J., T. Rinder, A. Stolz, and K.-H. Tan. 2014. “Dynamic progressive collapse of an RC assemblage induced by contact detonation.” J. Struct. Eng. 140 (6): 04014014. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000959.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Oct 16, 2019
Accepted: Nov 23, 2020
Published online: Jan 22, 2021
Published in print: Apr 1, 2021
Discussion open until: Jun 22, 2021
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.