Abstract
This paper investigates the experimental behavior of a self-centering (SC) timber brace that employs the resilient slip friction joint (RSFJ) for energy dissipation. Due to the inherent characteristics of the RSFJ, mainly rotational flexibility, it was observed that the brace is susceptible to lateral instability. As will be shown experimentally, the demerit to this lateral instability is the reduction of the bracing capacity in compression, although it is of an elastic type and recovers at the end of unloading. Therefore, this paper aims to prevent the instability issue in the RSFJ-brace system. To do so, a proper framework to predict and quantify the instability is developed, and then a quasi-static test is performed on a small-scale () specimen to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed framework. In order to address the instability problem, the antibuckling tubes (ABT) concept with associated stiffness requirements is introduced in the second part in which the effectiveness is assessed using a quasi-static test on a full-scale specimen. Results indicate that the utilization of the ABT will rule out the possibility of instability.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
Some or all data generated during the experimental program in this study are available from the corresponding author by request.
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by the Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment of New Zealand (MBIE) and the Earthquake Commission (EQC) of New Zealand. The authors would like to thank Allan Dixon, Andrew Virtue, Mark Byrami, and Dave Craft for their assistance in the preparation of the test setup at the Auckland University of Technology Construction Lab and the University of Auckland Structural Test Hall. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, and recommendations in this paper are those of writers and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsors.
References
Bagheri, H., A. Hashemi, S. Yousef-beik, P. Zarnani, and P. Quenneville. 2020. “A new self-centering tension-only brace using resilient slip friction joint: Experimental tests and numerical analysis.” J. Struct. Eng. 146 (10): 04020219. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0002789.
Bažant, Z. P., and L. Cedolin. 2010. Stability of structures: Elastic, inelastic, fracture and damage theories. Hackensack, NJ: World Scientific.
Borzouie, J., G. MacRae, J. Chase, G. Rodgers, and G. Clifton. 2016. “Experimental studies on cyclic performance of column base strong axis–aligned asymmetric friction connections.” J. Struct. Eng. 142 (1): 04015078. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001327.
Buchanan, A., A. Iqbal, A. Palermo, and S. Pampanin. 2007. “Improved seismic performance of LVL post-tensioned walls coupled with UFP devices.” In Proc., 8th Pacific Conf. on Earthquake Engineering. Singapore: Pacific Conference on Earthquake Engineering.
Chancellor, N. B., M. R. Eatherton, D. A. Roke, and T. Akbaş. 2014. “Self-centering seismic lateral force resisting systems: High performance structures for the city of tomorrow.” Buildings 4 (3): 520–548. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings4030520.
Chen, W. F., and E. M. Lui. 1987. Structural stability: Theory and implementation. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Christopoulos, C., A. Filiatrault, C.-M. Uang, and B. Folz. 2002. “Posttensioned energy dissipating connections for moment-resisting steel frames.” J. Struct. Eng. 128 (9): 1111–1120. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2002)128:9(1111).
Christopoulos, C., R. Tremblay, H.-J. Kim, and M. Lacerte. 2008. “Self-centering energy dissipative bracing system for the seismic resistance of structures: Development and validation.” J. Struct. Eng. 134 (1): 96–107. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2008)134:1(96).
Erochko, J., C. Christopoulos, and R. Tremblay. 2015. “Design and testing of an enhanced-elongation telescoping self-centering energy-dissipative brace.” J. Struct. Eng. 141 (6): 04014163. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001109.
Filiatrault, A., R. Tremblay, and R. Kar. 2000. “Performance evaluation of friction spring seismic damper.” J. Struct. Eng. 126 (4): 491–499. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2000)126:4(491).
Hashemi, A., H. Bagheri, S. M. M. Yousef-beik, F. M. Darani, A. Valadbeigi, P. Zarnani, and P. Quenneville. 2020. “Enhanced seismic performance of timber structures using resilient connections: Full-scale testing and design procedure.” J. Struct. Eng. 146 (9): 04020180. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0002749.
Hashemi, A., S. M. M. Yousef-beik, F. M. Darani, G. C. Clifton, P. Zarnani, and P. Quenneville. 2019. “Seismic performance of a damage avoidance self-centring brace with collapse prevention mechanism.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 155 (Apr): 273–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2018.12.019.
Hikino, T., T. Okazaki, K. Kajiwara, and M. Nakashima. 2013. “Out-of-plane stability of buckling-restrained braces placed in chevron arrangement.” J. Struct. Eng. 139 (11): 1812–1822. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000767.
Javidan, M. M., and J. Kim. 2019. “Seismic retrofit of soft-first-story structures using rotational friction dampers.” J. Struct. Eng. 145 (12): 04019162. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0002433.
Lin, P. C., K. C. Tsai, K. J. Wang, Y. J. Yu, C. Y. Wei, A. C. Wu, C. Y. Tsai, C. H. Lin, J. C. Chen, and A. H. Schellenberg. 2012. “Seismic design and hybrid tests of a full-scale three-story buckling-restrained braced frame using welded end connections and thin profile.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 41 (5): 1001–1020. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.1171.
Palermo, A., S. Pampanin, A. Buchanan, and M. Newcombe. 2005. “Seismic design of multi-storey buildings using laminated veneer lumber (LVL).” In Proc., New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering Conf. Wairakei, New Zealand: New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering.
Pollino, M. 2015. “Seismic design for enhanced building performance using rocking steel braced frames.” Eng. Struct. 83 (Jan): 129–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.11.005.
Priestley, M. N., S. Sritharan, J. R. Conley, and S. Pampanin. 1999. “Preliminary results and conclusions from the PRESSS five-story precast concrete test building.” PCI J. 44 (6): 42–67. https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij.11011999.42.67.
Ramhormozian, S., G. C. Clifton, G. A. MacRae, G. P. Davet, and H.-H. Khoo. 2019. “Experimental studies on Belleville springs use in the sliding hinge joint connection.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 159 (Aug): 81–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2019.03.031.
Ramhormozian, S., G. C. Clifton, G. A. MacRae, and H. H. Khoo. 2018. “The sliding hinge joint: Final steps towards an optimum low damage seismic-resistant steel system.” In Key engineering materials. Pfäffikon, Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications.
Rojas, P., J. Ricles, and R. Sause. 2005. “Seismic performance of post-tensioned steel moment resisting frames with friction devices.” J. Struct. Eng. 131 (4): 529–540. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2005)131:4(529).
Takeuchi, T., R. Matsui, and S. Mihara. 2016. “Out-of-plane stability assessment of buckling-restrained braces including connections with chevron configuration.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 45 (12): 1895–1917. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2724.
Takeuchi, T., H. Ozaki, R. Matsui, and F. Sutcu. 2014. “Out-of-plane stability of buckling-restrained braces including moment transfer capacity.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 43 (6): 851–869. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2376.
Veismoradi, S., P. Zarnani, and P. Quenneville. 2019. “Development of self-centering rotational slip friction joint: A novel damage-free damper with large deflections.” In Proc., Pacific Conf. on Earthquake Engineering (PCEE) and New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering (NZSEE), 114. Auckland, New Zealand: New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering.
Wang, C., C. Wang, and J. Reddy. 2005. Exact solutions for buckling of structural members. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Wu, J., and B. M. Phillips. 2017. “Passive self-centering hysteretic damping brace based on the elastic buckling mode jump mechanism of a capped column.” Eng. Struct. 134 (Mar): 276–288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.12.031.
Yousef-beik, S. M. M., H. Bagheri, S. Veismoradi, P. Zarnani, A. Hashemi, and P. Quenneville. 2020a. “Seismic performance improvement of conventional timber brace using re-centring friction connection.” Structures 26: 958–968. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2020.05.029.
Yousef-beik, S. M. M., S. Veismoradi, P. Zarnani, and P. Quenneville. 2020b. “A new self-centering brace with zero secondary stiffness using elastic buckling.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 169 (Jun): 106035. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2020.106035.
Yousef-beik, S. M. M., P. Zarnani, A. Hashemi, and P. Quenneville. 2019. “Lateral instability of self-centering braces: Buckling in loading and unloading.” In Proc., Pacific Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, 0013. Auckland, New Zealand: Pacific Conference on Earthquake Engineering.
Yousef-beik, S. M. M., P. Zarnani, F. Mohammadi Darani, A. Hashemi, and P. Quenneville. 2018. “New seismic damage avoidant timber brace using innovative resilient slip friction joints for multi-story applications.” In Proc., Word Conf. on Timber Engineering (WCTE). Seoul: Word Conference on Timber Engineering.
Zaboli, B., G. Clifton, and K. Cowie. 2017. “Out-of-plane stability of gusset plates using a simplified notional load yield line method.” In Proc., New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering Annual Technical Conf. Wellington, New Zealand: New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering.
Zarnani, P., A. Valadbeigi, and P. Quenneville. 2016. “Resilient slip friction (RSF) joint: A novel connection system for seismic damage avoidance design OG timber structures.” In Proc., World Conf. on Timber Engineering WCTE2014. Vienna, Austria: Vienna Univ. of Technology.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 147 • Issue 1 • January 2021
Copyright
© 2020 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Sep 29, 2019
Accepted: Jul 27, 2020
Published online: Oct 23, 2020
Published in print: Jan 1, 2021
Discussion open until: Mar 23, 2021
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.