Seismic Retrofit of Structures Using Hybrid Steel Slit–Viscoelastic Dampers
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 146, Issue 11
Abstract
A hybrid steel slit–viscoelastic damper (HSVD) has been developed to enhance seismic performance of a structure. To model viscoelastic behavior, an analytical model is developed based on the Kelvin–Voigt and Bouc–Wen–Baber–Noori (BWBN) models. Experimental studies are conducted to find out the behavior of the viscoelastic material and the hybrid damper, and to validate the analytical model. Various seismic performance indices are evaluated using a three-story moment-resisting frame before and after seismic retrofit with the steel slit dampers and HSVDs. Fragility analysis is then carried out to investigate the exceedance probability of specified limit states, which shows that adding a viscoelastic part to the steel slit damper successfully improves the performance of the steel slit dampers. Finally, it is observed that the use of the capacity and demand diagram procedure is effective in preliminary design of the hybrid dampers to meet a desired target performance goal.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code generated or used during the study are available from the corresponding author by request.
Acknowledgments
This research was carried out by Land Transport Technology Promotion Research Project (task No. 19CTAP-C153076-01) of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport.
References
AISC. 2010a. Prequalified connections for special and intermediate steel moment frames for seismic applications. ANSI/AISC 358-10. Chicago: AISC.
AISC. 2010b. Seismic provisions for structural steel buildings. ANSI/AISC 341-10. Chicago: AISC.
Amini, F., M. Bitaraf, M. S. Eskandari, and M. M. Javidan. 2018. “Impacts of soil-structure interaction on the structural control of nonlinear systems using adaptive control approach.” Eng. Struct. 157 (Feb): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.11.071.
Ancheta, T. D., et al. 2014. “NGA-West2 database.” Earthquake Spectra 30 (3): 989–1005. https://doi.org/10.1193/070913EQS197M.
ASCE. 2013. Seismic evaluation and retrofit of existing buildings. ASCE 41. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Chan, R. W. K., and F. Albermani. 2008. “Experimental study of steel slit damper for passive energy dissipation.” Eng. Struct. 30 (4): 1058–1066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2007.07.005.
FEMA. 1997. NEHRP guidelines for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings. FEMA 273. Washington, DC: FEMA.
FEMA. 2000a. Prestandard and commentary for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings. FEMA 356. Washington, DC: FEMA.
FEMA. 2000b. State of the art report on systems performance of steel moment frames subject to earthquake ground shaking. FEMA 355C. Washington, DC: FEMA.
FEMA. 2005. Improvement of nonlinear static seismic analysis procedures. FEMA 440. Washington, DC: FEMA.
FEMA. 2007. Interim testing protocols for determining the seismic performance characteristics of structural and nonstructural components. FEMA 461. Washington, DC: FEMA.
Filippou, F. C., E. P. Popov, and V. V. Bertero. 1983. “Modeling of R/C joints under cyclic excitations.” J. Struct. Eng. 109 (11): 2666–2684. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1983)109:11(2666).
Foliente, G. C. 1995. “Hysteresis modeling of wood joints and structural systems.” J. Struct. Eng. 121 (6): 1013–1022. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1995)121:6(1013).
Guo, J. W. W., and C. Christopoulos. 2016. “Response prediction, experimental characterization and P-spectra design of frames with viscoelastic–plastic dampers.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 45 (11): 1855–1874. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2732.
Hossain, M. R., and M. Ashraf. 2012. “Mathematical modelling of yielding shear panel device.” Thin-Walled Struct. 59 (Oct): 153161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2012.04.018.
Hossain, M. R., M. Ashraf, and J. E. Padgett. 2013. “Risk-based seismic performance assessment of yielding shear panel device.” Eng. Struct. 56 (Nov): 1570–1579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.07.032.
Javidan, M. M., and J. Kim. 2019. “Seismic retrofit of soft-first-story structures using rotational friction dampers.” J. Struct. Eng. 145 (12): 04019162. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0002433.
Javidan, M. M., and J. Kim. 2020. “Experimental and numerical sensitivity assessment of viscoelasticity for polymer composite materials.” Sci. Rep. 10 (1): 675. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-57552-3.
Kasai, K., M. Teramoto, and Y. Watanabe. 2002. “Behavior of a passive control damper combining visco-elastic and elasto-plastic devices in series.” Trans. AIJ 67 (556): 51–58. https://doi.org/10.3130/aijs.67.51_1.
Kim, J., and H. Shin. 2017. “Seismic loss assessment of a structure retrofitted with slit-friction hybrid dampers.” Eng. Struct. 130 (Jan): 336–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.10.052.
Lee, C. H., J. Kim, D. H. Kim, J. Ryu, and Y. K. Ju. 2016. “Numerical and experimental analysis of combined behavior of shear-type friction damper and non-uniform strip damper for multi-level seismic protection.” Eng. Struct. 114 (May): 75–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.02.007.
Lee, J., and J. Kim. 2015. “Seismic performance evaluation of moment frames with slit-friction hybrid dampers.” Earthquakes Struct. 9 (6): 1291–1311. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2015.9.6.1291.
Lee, J., and J. Kim. 2017. “Development of steel box-shaped slit dampers for seismic retrofit of building structures.” Eng. Struct. 150 (Nov): 934–946. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.07.082.
Lignos, D. G., and H. Krawinkler. 2011. “Deterioration modeling of steel components in support of collapse prediction of steel moment frames under earthquake loading.” J. Struct. Eng. 137 (11): 1291–1302. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000376.
Marko, J., D. Thambiratnam, and N. Perera. 2004. “Influence of damping systems on building structures subject to seismic effect.” Eng. Struct. 26 (13): 1939–1956. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2004.07.008.
Marshall, J. D., and F. A. Charney. 2012. “Seismic response of steel frame structures with hybrid passive control systems.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 41 (4): 715–733. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.1153.
McKenna, F., G. Fenves, and S. Scott. 2000. Open system for earthquake engineering simulation. Berkeley, CA: Univ. of California.
Montgomery, M., and C. Christopoulos. 2015. “Experimental validation of viscoelastic coupling dampers for enhanced dynamic performance of high-rise buildings.” J. Struct. Eng. 141 (5): 04014145. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001092.
Naeem, A., M. N. Eldin, J. Kim, and J. Kim. 2017. “Seismic performance evaluation of a structure retrofitted using steel slit dampers with shape memory alloy bars.” Int. J. Steel Struct. 17 (4): 1627–1638. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13296-017-1227-4.
Naeem, A., and J. Kim. 2018a. “Seismic performance evaluation of a spring viscous damper cable system.” Eng. Struct. 176 (Dec): 455–467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.09.055.
Naeem, A., and J. Kim. 2018b. “Seismic retrofit of a framed structure using damped cable systems.” Steel Compos. Struct. 29 (3): 287–299. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2018.29.3.287.
Nour Eldin, M., J. Kim, and J. Kim. 2018. “Optimal distribution of steel slit-friction hybrid dampers based on life cycle cost.” Steel Compos. Struct. 27 (5): 633–646. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2018.27.5.633.
Ohtori, Y., R. E. Christenson, B. F., Spencer, Jr., and S. J. Dyke. 2004. “Benchmark control problems for seismically excited nonlinear building.” J. Eng. Mech. 130 (4): 366–385. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2004)130:4(366).
Pant, D. R., M. Montgomery, and C. Christopoulos. 2017. “Analytical study on the dynamic properties of viscoelastically coupled shear walls in high-rise buildings.” J. Eng. Mech. 143 (8): 04017047. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0001247.
Porter, K., R. Kennedy, and R. Bachman. 2007. “Creating fragility functions for performance-based earthquake engineering.” Earthquake Spectra 23 (2): 471–489. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.2720892.
Tsai, C., K. Chen, and C. Chen. 1998. “Seismic resistibility of high-rise buildings with combined velocity-dependent and velocity-independent devices.” In Vol. 366 of Proc., ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conf., 103–108. New York: ASME.
UBC (Uniform Building Code). 1994. Structural engineering design provisions. Whittier, CA: International Conference of Building Officials.
Uetani, K., M. Tsuji, and I. Takewaki. 2003. “Application of an optimum design method to practical building frames with viscous dampers and hysteretic dampers.” Eng. Struct. 25 (5): 579–592. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(02)00168-2.
Xiang, N., and M. S. Alam. 2019. “Comparative seismic fragility assessment of an existing isolated continuous bridge retrofitted with different energy dissipation devices.” J. Bridge Eng. 24 (8): 04019070. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0001425.
Xu, Z. D., Y. X. Liao, T. Ge, and C. Xu. 2016. “Experimental and theoretical study on viscoelastic dampers with different matrix rubbers.” J. Eng. Mech. 142 (8): 04016051. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0001101.
Xue, C. 2013. Mechanical properties study for sandwich plate system. Harbin, China: Harbin Engineering Univ.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 146 • Issue 11 • November 2020
Copyright
© 2020 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: May 30, 2019
Accepted: Jun 3, 2020
Published online: Aug 21, 2020
Published in print: Nov 1, 2020
Discussion open until: Jan 21, 2021
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.