Optimal Evolutionary Seismic Design of Three-Dimensional Multistory Structures with Damping Devices
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 146, Issue 10
Abstract
Current seismic codes do not incorporate a well-established methodology for the properties and topological distribution of damping devices in three-dimensional multistory structures. The issue is further exaggerated when structures are subject to extreme events and operate well within their inelastic range. To overcome the previous shortcomings, this study develops an evolutionary computational framework for the seismic design of regular and irregular three-dimensional multistory structures that incorporates hierarchical multiscale megabrace architectures. Design examples include an 8-story irregular and a 14-story regular steel three-dimensional building with moment resisting frames (MRFs) retrofitted with friction dampers. The seismic environment consists of 25 synthetic ground motions with 5% of probability of exceedance in 50 years. Identified optimal designs result in novel three-dimensional multiscale megabrace architectures that yield more uniformly distributed ductility demand throughout the height of the structures when compared to the base structures. Optimal 8-story structure designs include damping devices with properties progressively reducing toward the top, while optimal 14-story structure designs favored layered architectures with nonretrofitted stories at the upper stories in an attempt to attenuate the seismic wave travelling toward the top of the structure.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
The author gratefully acknowledges Dr. Gary F Dargush, Professor at the Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering department at SUNY at Buffalo, for the fruitful discussions, support and recommendations in the preparation of this paper.
References
Apostolakis, G., and G. F. Dargush. 2010. “Optimal seismic design of moment-resisting steel frames with hysteretic passive devices.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 39 (4): 355–376. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.944.
Apostolakis, G., and G. F. Dargush. 2012a. “Mixed lagrangian formulation for linear thermoelastic response of structures.” J. Eng. Mech. 138 (5): 508–518. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0000346.
Apostolakis, G., and G. F. Dargush. 2012b. “Optimal design of three-dimensional structures with hysteretic braces.” In Vol. 35 of Proc., 15th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering (WCEE), 28058. Lisbon, Portugal: Curran Associates. https://www.proceedings.com/24574.html.
Apostolakis, G., and G. F. Dargush. 2013a. “Mixed variational principles for dynamic response of thermoelastic and poroelastic continua.” Int. J. Solids Struct. 50 (5): 642–650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2012.10.021.
Apostolakis, G., and G. F. Dargush. 2013b. “Variational methods in irreversible thermoelasticity: Theoretical developments and minimum principles for the discrete form.” Acta Mech. 224 (9): 2065–2088. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00707-013-0843-0.
Apostolakis, G., and G. F. Dargush. 2017. “Mixed Lagrangian formalism for temperature-dependent dynamic thermoplasticity.” J. Eng. Mech. 143 (9): 04017094. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0001293.
Apostolakis, G., G. F. Dargush, and A. Filiatrault. 2014. “Computational framework for automated seismic design of steel frames with self-centering connections.” J. Comput. Civ. Eng. 28 (2): 170–181. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CP.1943-5487.0000226.
Barmpoutis, V., and G. F. Dargush. 2007. “A compact self-organizing cellular automata-based genetic algorithm.” Preprint, submitted November 15, 2007. http://arxiv.org/abs/0711.2478.
Cadzow, J. A. 1970. “Discrete calculus of variations.” Int. J. Control 11 (3): 393–407. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207177008905922.
Daniel, Y., O. Lavan, and R. Levy. 2005. “A simple methodology for the seismic passive control of irregular 3D frames using friction dampers.” In Seismic behaviour and design of irregular and complex civil structures, 285–295. New York: Springer.
Dargush, G. F., and R. S. Sant. 2005. “Evolutionary aseismic design and retrofit of structures with passive energy dissipation.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 34 (13): 1601–1626. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.497.
De Domenico, D., G. Ricciardi, and I. Takewaki. 2019. “Design strategies of viscous dampers for seismic protection of building structures: A review.” Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng. 118 (Mar): 144–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2018.12.024.
FEMA. 1997a. NEHRP commentary on the guidelines for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings. FEMA-274. Washington, DC: FEMA.
FEMA. 1997b. NEHRP guidelines for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings. FEMA-273. Washington, DC: FEMA.
FEMA. 2000. Prestandard and commentary for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings. FEMA-356. Washington, DC: FEMA.
Gluck, N., A. M. Reinhorn, J. Gluck, and R. Levy. 1996. “Design of supplemental dampers for control of structures.” J. Struct. Eng. 122 (12): 1394–1399. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1996)122:12(1394).
Lavan, O. 2015. “Optimal design of viscous dampers and their supporting members for the seismic retrofitting of 3D irregular frame structures.” J. Struct. Eng. 141 (11): 04015026. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001261.
Lavan, O., and R. Levy. 2006a. “Optimal design of supplemental viscous dampers for linear framed structures.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 35 (3): 337–356. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.524.
Lavan, O., and R. Levy. 2006b. “Optimal peripheral drift control of 3D irregular framed structures using supplemental viscous dampers.” J. Earthquake Eng. 10 (6): 903–923. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632460609350623.
Levy, R., and O. Lavan. 2006. “Fully stressed design of passive controllers in framed structures for seismic loadings.” Struct. Multidiscip. Optim. 32 (6): 485–498. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00158-005-0558-5.
Li, Q. S., D. K. Liu, N. Zhang, C. M. Tam, and L. F. Yang. 2001. “Multi-level design model and genetic algorithm for structural control system optimization.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 30 (6): 927–942. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.48.
Mohammadi, R. K., M. H. El Naggar, and H. Moghaddam. 2004. “Optimum strength distribution for seismic resistant shear buildings.” Int. J. Solids Struct. 41 (22–23): 6597–6612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2004.05.012.
Moreschi, L. M., and M. P. Singh. 2003. “Design of yielding metallic and friction dampers for optimal seismic performance.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 32 (8): 1291–1311. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.275.
Nabid, N., I. Hajirasouliha, and M. Petkovski. 2018. “Performance-based optimisation of RC frames with friction wall dampers using a low-cost optimisation method.” Bull. Earthquake Eng. 16 (10): 5017–5040. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-018-0380-2.
Papageorgiou, A. S., and K. Aki. 1983a. “A specific barrier model for the quantitative description of inhomogeneous faulting and the prediction of strong ground motion. I. Description of the model.” B. Seismol. Soc. Am. 73 (3): 693–722.
Papageorgiou, A. S., and K. Aki. 1983b. “A specific barrier model for the quantitative description of inhomogeneous faulting and the prediction of strong ground motion. II. Applications of the model.” B. Seismol. Soc. Am. 73 (4): 953–978.
Park, J. H., J. Kim, and K. W. Min. 2004. “Optimal design of added viscoelastic dampers and supporting braces.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn 33 (4): 465–484. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.359.
Shukla, A. K., and T. K. Datta. 1999. “Optimal use of viscoelastic dampers in building frames for seismic force.” J. Struct. Eng. 125 (4): 401–409. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1999)125:4(401).
Singh, M. P., and L. M. Moreschi. 2001. “Optimum seismic response control with dampers.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 30 (4): 553–572. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.23.
Singh, M. P., and L. M. Moreschi. 2002. “Optimal placement of dampers for passive response control.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 31 (4): 955–976. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.132.
Sivaselvan, M. V., O. Lavan, G. F. Dargush, A. M. Reinhorn, H. Kurino, K. Yoshikawa, Y. Hyodo, R. Fukuda, and K. Sato. 2007. Evaluation and development of analytical tools for progressive collapse. Richmond, CA: Consortium of Universities for Research in Earthquake Engineering Publication.
Sivaselvan, M. V., and A. M. Reinhorn. 2006. “Lagrangian approach to structural collapse simulation.” J. Eng. Mech. 132 (8): 795–805. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2006)132:8(795).
Takewaki, I. 1997. “Optimal damper placement for minimum transfer functions.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 26 (11): 1113–1124. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9845(199711)26:11%3C1113::AID-EQE696%3E3.0.CO;2-X.
Zhang, R. H., and T. T. Soong. 1992. “Seismic design of viscoelastic dampers for structural applications.” J. Struct. Eng. 118 (5): 1375–1392. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1992)118:5(1375).
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 146 • Issue 10 • October 2020
Copyright
© 2020 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Mar 25, 2019
Accepted: Apr 13, 2020
Published online: Jul 24, 2020
Published in print: Oct 1, 2020
Discussion open until: Dec 24, 2020
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.