Response of Recycled Coarse Aggregate Concrete Subjected to Pure Shear
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 146, Issue 5
Abstract
There is increasing interest in using recycled aggregate in concrete. Prior research has focused primarily on the compressive and tensile strength of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC), and no data pertaining to the pure-shear behavior of RAC is currently available. Thus, in this experimental program, five (.) RAC panels, constructed with different amounts of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA), were tested under pure-shear loading. The transverse reinforcement ratio was also varied (0.00%, 0.46%, and 0.81%). During each experiment, applied loads as well as global and local strains were monitored, and crack widths were measured. The test results were compared with predictions obtained using the modified compression field theory (MCFT), American Concrete Institute (ACI), and Canadian Standard Association (CSA) provisions. Comparison of the measurements and predictions showed that MCFT provided accurate estimates of failure shear stresses and strains, along with the full load-deformation response of all elements tested. In contrast, both ACI and CSA provisions gave conservative estimates of the experimental strengths.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The support provided by China Scholarship Council (CSC) during the visit of Huan Zhang to the University of Washington (201706120259) is acknowledged. The support received from Gary Merlino Construction Co is also acknowledged.
References
ACI (American Concrete Institute). 2014. Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary. ACI 318 Farmington Hills, MI: ACI.
Arezoumandi, M., J. Drury, J. S. Volz, and K. H. Khayat. 2015. “Effect of recycled concrete aggregate replacement level on shear strength of reinforced concrete beams.” ACI Mater. J. 112 (4): 559. https://doi.org/10.14359/51687766.
Arezoumandi, M., A. Smith, J. S. Volz, and K. H. Khayat. 2014. “An experimental study on shear strength of reinforced concrete beams with 100% recycled concrete aggregate.” Constr. Build. Mater. 53 (Feb): 612–620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.12.019.
ASTM. 2010. Standard test method for static modulus of elasticity and poisson's ratio of concrete in compression. ASTM C469/C469M. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2015a. Standard test method for density, relative density (specific gravity), and absorption of coarse aggregate. ASTM C127. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2015b. Standard test method for density, relative density (specific gravity), and absorption of fine aggregate. ASTM C128. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2017. Standard test method for splitting tensile strength of cylindrical concrete specimens. ASTM C496/C496M. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2018a. Standard specification for deformed and plain carbon-steel bars for concrete reinforcement. ASTM A615/A615M-18e1. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2018b. Standard test method for compressive strength of cylindrical concrete specimens. ASTM C39/C39M. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
ASTM. 2019. Standard test method for sieve analysis of fine and coarse aggregates. ASTM C136/C136M. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
Bentz, E. C., F. J. Vecchio, and M. P. Collins. 2006. “Simplified modified compression field theory for calculating shear strength of reinforced concrete elements.” ACI Struct. J. 103 (4): 614.
Bhide, S. B., and M. P. Collins. 1989. “Influence of axial tension on the shear capacity of reinforced concrete members.” ACI Struct. J. 86 (5): 570–581.
Bilal, H., and D. Ali. 2017. “Overview of studies on the effect of recycled aggregates sourced from tested cylinders on concrete material and structural properties.” In Vol. 120 of Proc., Int. Conf. on Advances in Sustainable Construction Materials & Civil Engineering Systems. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201712003007.
Calvi, P. M., E. C. Bentz, and M. P. Collins. 2016. “Reversed cyclic experiments on shear stress transfer across cracks in reinforced concrete elements.” ACI Struct. J. 113 (4): 851–859.
Calvi, P. M., E. C. Bentz, and M. P. Collins. 2017. “Pure mechanics crack model for shear stress transfer in cracked reinforced concrete.” ACI Struct. J. 114 (2): 545–554. https://doi.org/10.14359/51689460.
Corinaldesi, V. 2010. “Mechanical and elastic behaviour of concretes made of recycled-concrete coarse aggregates.” Constr. Build. Mater. 24 (9): 1616–1620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.02.031.
CSA (Canadian Standards Association). 2014. Design of concrete structures. CSA A23.3. Mississauga, ON, Canada: CSA.
Dean, S. W., J. Liu, and B. Chen. 2008. “Mechanical properties of high strength concrete with field-demolished concrete as aggregates.” J. ASTM Int. 5 (10): 101650. https://doi.org/10.1520/JAI101650.
Fakitsas, C. G., P. E. A. Papakonstantinou, P. D. Kiousis, and A. Savva. 2012. “Effects of recycled concrete aggregates on the compressive and shear strength of high-strength self-consolidating concrete.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 24 (4): 356–361. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000397.
Fathifazl, G., A. Abbas, A. G. Razaqpur, O. B. Isgor, B. Fournier, and S. Foo. 2009. “New mixture proportioning method for concrete made with coarse recycled concrete aggregate.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 21 (10): 601–611. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2009)21:10(601).
Fathifazl, G., A. G. Razaqpur, I. O. Burkan, A. Abbas, B. Fournier, and S. Foo. 2011. “Shear capacity evaluation of steel reinforced recycled concrete (RRC) beams.” Eng. Struct. 33 (3): 1025–1033. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.12.025.
González-Fonteboa, B., and F. Martínez-Abella. 2007. “Shear strength of recycled concrete beams.” Constr. Build. Mater. 21 (4): 887–893. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.12.018.
Hannesson, G., K. Kuder, R. Shogren, and D. Lehman. 2012. “The influence of high volume of fly ash and slag on the compressive strength of self-consolidating concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater. 30 (3): 161–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.11.046.
Henry, M., G. Pardo, T. Nishimura, and Y. Kato. 2011. “Balancing durability and environmental impact in concrete combining low-grade recycled aggregates and mineral admixtures.” Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 55 (11): 1060–1069. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2011.05.020.
Katkhuda, H., and N. Shatarat. 2017. “Shear behavior of reinforced concrete beams using treated recycled concrete aggregate.” Constr. Build. Mater. 125 (Oct): 63–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.08.034.
Kim, S.-W., C.-Y. Jeong, J.-S. Lee, and K.-H. Kim. 2013. “Size effect in shear failure of reinforced concrete beams with recycled aggregate.” J. Asian Archit. Build. Eng. 12 (2): 323–330. https://doi.org/10.3130/jaabe.12.323.
Knaack, A. M., and Y. C. Kurama. 2014. “Behavior of reinforced concrete beams with recycled concrete coarse aggregates.” J. Struct. Eng. 141 (3): B4014009.
Kou, S.-C., C.-S. Poon, and F. Agrela. 2011. “Comparisons of natural and recycled aggregate concretes prepared with the addition of different mineral admixtures.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 33 (8): 788–795. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2011.05.009.
Malhotra, V. M. 2004. “Role of supplementary cementing materials and superplasticizers in reducing greenhouse gas emissions.” In Proc., ICFRC Int. Conf. on Fiber Composites, High-Performance Concrete, and Smart Materials, 489–499. Chennai, India: Indian Institute of Technology.
Proestos, G. T., G.-M. Bae, J.-Y. Cho, E. C. Bentz, and M. P. Collins. 2016. “Influence of high-strength bars on shear response of containment walls.” ACI Struct. J. 113 (5): 917–927. https://doi.org/10.14359/51688750.
Rahal, K. 2007. “Mechanical properties of concrete with recycled coarse aggregate.” Build. Environ. 42 (1): 407–415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.07.033.
Rahal, K. N., and Y. T. Alrefaei. 2017. “Shear strength of longitudinally reinforced recycled aggregate concrete beams.” Eng. Struct. 145 (Aug): 273–282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.05.028.
Safiuddin, M., U. J. Alengaram, M. M. Rahman, M. A. Salam, and M. Z. Jumaat. 2013. “Use of recycled concrete aggregate in concrete: A review.” J. Civ. Eng. Manage. 19 (6): 796–810. https://doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2013.799093.
Sun, C., J. Xiao, and D. A. Lange. 2018. “Simulation study on the shear transfer behavior of recycled aggregate concrete.” Struct. Concr. 9 (1): 255–268. https://doi.org/10.1002/suco.201600236.
Vecchio, F. J., and M. P. Collins. 1986. “The modified compression field theory for reinforced concrete elements subjected to shear.” ACI J. Proc. 83 (2): 219–231. https://doi.org/10.1002/suco.201600236.
Walraven, J. C., and H. W. Reinhardt. 1981. “Theory and experiments on the mechanical behaviour of cracks in plain and reinforced concrete subjected to shear loading.” Heron 26 (1A): 26–35.
Wang, W.-L., S.-C. Kou, and F. Xing. 2018. “Deformation properties and direct shear of medium strength concrete prepared with 100% recycled coarse aggregates.” Constr. Build. Mater. 48 (Nov): 187–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.06.065.
Wardeh, G., E. Ghorbel, H. Gomart, B. Fiorio, and P. Pliya. 2018. “Shear behavior of reinforced recycled aggregate concrete beams.” In High tech concrete: Where technology and engineering meet, edited by D. A. Hordijk and M. Luković, 508–515. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
Xiao, J., W. Li, Y. Fan, and X. Huang. 2012. “An overview of study on recycled aggregate concrete in China (1996–2011).” Constr. Build. Mater. 31 (Jun): 364–383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.12.074.
Yang, H., H. Zhao, and F. Liu. 2018. “Residual cube strength of coarse RCA concrete after exposure to elevated temperatures.” Fire Mater. 42 (4): 424–435. https://doi.org/10.1002/fam.2508.
Zahraa, F. A., M. T. E. Mihilmy, and T. Bahaa. 2011. “Experimental investigation of shear strength of concrete beams with recycled concrete aggregates.” Int. J. Mater. Struct. Integrity 5 (4): 291–310. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMSI.2011.044418.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
©2020 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Apr 11, 2019
Accepted: Oct 22, 2019
Published online: Mar 10, 2020
Published in print: May 1, 2020
Discussion open until: Aug 10, 2020
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.