Abstract
Flexible structures such as footbridges, stadiums, and large slabs are prone to narrowband excitations generated by occupants. Both the excitation and response are of a nonstationary nature that is often not suitable for conventional time-based and frequency-based analyses. In this regard, an investigation of a hybrid technique that makes use of multivariate empirical mode decomposition (MEMD) for the human–structure interaction problem is presented. The method uses a noise-assisted version of the MEMD along with an adaptive projection algorithm to extract monocomponent intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), to reduce mode misalignment and mixing, and to account for power imbalances among channels as well as benefiting from correlations at an intrinsic level. To overcome persistent mode mixing, especially for closely spaced modes, a method called complete EMD with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) is used. The time-frequency representation of the response is provided by incorporating the Hilbert-Huang spectrum (HHS). Using the HHS may reveal the instantaneous changes in the energy, frequency, phase, and amplitude in dynamic systems. An extensive explanation and the conditions that are required for this observation can be found in previous work. The performance of the application along with its limitations are reported in light of two case studies conducted on a laboratory grandstand and on a footbridge.
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Acknowledgments
The financial support for this research is provided by Qatar National Research Fund [QNRF (a member of Qatar Foundation)] via the National Priorities Research Program (NPRP), Project No. NPRP 6-526-2-218 and NSF Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation [Grant No. 1463493]. The statements made herein are solely the responsibility of the authors. The authors would like to acknowledge Dr. Onur Avci and Dr. Mustafa Gul for their valuable feedback; Dr. Manoj Chopra and Mr. David Hansen for the support and permissions before and during the experiments; Mr. Bora Erbilen for his consultancy in construction of the grandstand, and members of the Civil Infrastructure Technologies for Resilience and Safety (CITRS) research group at the University of Central Florida along with all the undergraduate and graduate students who took part in the creation of this work. The hardware support from Mr. Lou Zagst and Mr. Jenner Sequeira of PCB Piezotronics is greatly appreciated.
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Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 146 • Issue 4 • April 2020
Copyright
©2020 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Apr 30, 2018
Accepted: Jun 19, 2019
Published online: Jan 21, 2020
Published in print: Apr 1, 2020
Discussion open until: Jun 21, 2020
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Analysis (by type)
- Biological processes
- Bridge engineering
- Bridges
- Bridges (by type)
- Buildings
- Business management
- Continuum mechanics
- Decomposition
- Dynamics (solid mechanics)
- Engineering fundamentals
- Engineering mechanics
- Environmental engineering
- Excitation (physics)
- Facilities (by type)
- Foot bridges
- Frequency analysis
- Human and behavioral factors
- Motion (dynamics)
- Noise pollution
- Pollution
- Practice and Profession
- Solid mechanics
- Stadiums and sport facilities
- Structural dynamics
- Structural engineering
- Structural response
- Structures (by type)
- Waste management
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