Experimental and Numerical Study of Cyclic Performance of Reinforced Concrete Exterior Connections with Rectangular-Spiral Reinforcement
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 146, Issue 3
Abstract
This paper introduces a new shear reinforcement beam-column joint mechanism—the twisted opposing rectangular spiral—and carries out numerical and experimental investigates. Converting the conventional discontinuous shear reinforcement system into a continuous system in different reinforced concrete structural elements improves energy dissipation capacity and ductility. The proposed reinforcement has an inclined characteristic that intersects shear cracks at a more favorable angle. In addition, the reinforcement considerably eliminates slip observable at the hooks of conventional stirrups, resulting in the reduction of shear resistance. The seismic performance of the reinforcement is compared to conventional shear reinforcement and normal rectangular spiral systems. Six full-scale beam-column joint mechanisms were designed per Eurocode CEN-EC8 for low- and high-ductility modules. Quasi-static cyclic loads are used to simulate seismic loads as recommended by a widely used building code. In this paper, the experimental results of the six specimens are compared with the numerical results of finite-element analysis. The investigation concludes with the introduction of a newly proposed connection, resulting in the improvement of its capacity to dissipate energy, lateral strength, and ductility.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the published article.
References
ACI (American Concrete Institute). 2004. Acceptance criteria for moment frames based on structural testing. Farmington Hills, MI: ACI.
ACI (American Concrete Institute). 2008. Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary.. Farmington Hills, MI: ACI.
Alhajri, T. M., M. M. Tahir, M. Azimi, J. Mirza, M. M. Lawan, K. K. Alenezi, and M. B. Ragaee. 2016. “Behavior of pre-cast U-Shaped Composite Beam integrating cold-formed steel with ferro-cement slab.” J. Thin-Walled Struct. 102 (May): 18–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2016.01.014.
ANSYS. 2009. User’s manual version 14.0. Canonsburg, PA: ANSYS.
Azimi, M., A. B. Adnan, M. M. Tahir, A. R. B. M. Sam, and S. M. B. S. A. Razak. 2015a. “Seismic performance of ductility classes medium RC beam-column connections with continuous rectangular spiral transverse reinforcements.” Lat. Am. J. Solid Struct. 12 (4): 787–807. https://doi.org/10.1590/1679-78251387.
Azimi, M., A. Azlan, M. Hanim, M. Abdul Rahman, I. Faridmehr, and R. Hodjati. 2014. “Energy absorption capacity of reinforced concrete beam–column connections, with ductility classes low.” Am. J. Civ. Eng. Archit. 2 (1): 42–52.
Azimi, M., A. Bagherpourhamedani, M. M. Tahir, A. R. Bin Mohd Sam, and C. K. Ma. 2016. “Evaluation of new spiral shear reinforcement pattern for reinforced concrete joints subjected to cyclic loading.” J. Adv. Struct. Eng. 19 (5): 730–745. https://doi.org/10.1177/1369433216630371.
Azimi, M., M. Ponraj, A. Bagherpourhamedani, M. M. Tahir, S. M. S. A. Razak, and O. P. Pheng. 2015b. “Shear capacity evaluation of reinforced concrete beams: Finite element simulation.” Jurnal Teknologi 77 (16): 59–66. https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v77.6400.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 2004a. Design of concrete structures—Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings. Eurocode 2: EN 1992-1-1:2004. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 2004b. Design of structures for earthquake resistance, Part 1: General rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings. Eurocode 8: EN 1998-1. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
Chalioris, C. E., and C. G. Karayannis. 2013. “Experimental investigation of RC beams with rectangular spiral reinforcement in torsion.” Eng. Struct. 56 (Nov): 286–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.05.003.
Considere, A. 1903. Experimental researches on reinforced concrete New York: McGraw-Hill.
Kakaletsis, D. J., C. G. Karayannis, and G. K. Panagopoulos. 2011. “Effectiveness of rectangular spiral shear reinforcement on infilled R/C frames under cyclic loading.” J. Earthquake Eng. 15 (8): 1178–1193. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2011.560361.
Karayannis, C. G. 2015. “Mechanics of external RC beam-column joints with rectangular spiral shear reinforcement: Experimental verification.” Meccanica 50 (2): 311–322. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11012-014-9953-6.
Karayannis, C. G., and C. E. Chalioris. 2013. “Shear tests of reinforced concrete beams with continuous rectangular spiral reinforcement.” Constr. Build. Mater. 46 (Sep): 86–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.04.023.
Karayannis, C. G., C. E. Chalioris, and P. D. Mavroeidis. 2005a. “Shear capacity of RC rectangular beams with continuous spiral transversal reinforcement.” WIT Trans. Modell. Simul. 41 (Jun): 379–386.
Karayannis, C. G., and G. M. Sirkelis. 2005c. “Response of columns and joints with spiral shear reinforcement.” WIT Trans. Model Simul. 41 (Jun): 455–463.
Karayannis, C. G., and G. M. Sirkelis. 2005b. “Seismic behaviour of reinforced concrete columns with rectangular spiral shear reinforcement.” In Proc., 3rd Int. Conf. on Construction in the 21st Century (CITC-III), Advancing Engineering, Management and Technology. Greenville, NC: East Carolina Univ.
Karayannis, C. G., G. M. Sirkelis, and P. D. Mavroeidis. 2005d. “Improvement of seismic capacity of external beam–column joints using rectangular spiral shear reinforcement.” In Proc., 5th Conf. on Earthquake Resistant Engineering Structures (ERES), 147–156. Southampton, UK: WIT Press.
Ma, C. K., A. Z. Awang, R. Garcia, W. Omar, K. Pilakoutas, and M. Azimi. 2016a. “Nominal curvature design of circular HSC columns confined with post-tensioned steel straps.” J. Struct. 7 (Aug): 25–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2016.04.002.
Ma, C. K., A. Z. Awang, W. Omar, M. Liang, S. W. Jaw, and M. Azimi. 2016b. “Flexural capacity enhancement of rectangular high-strength concrete columns confined with post-tensioned steel straps: Experimental investigation and analytical modeling.” J. Struct. Concr. 17 (4): 1–25.
Mander, J. B., M. J. N. Priestley, and R. Park. 1988. “Observed stress-strain behavior of confined concrete.” J. Struct. Eng. 114 (8): 1827–1849. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1988)114:8(1827).
Park, Y. J., and A. H. Ang. 1985. “Mechanistic seismic damage model for reinforced concrete.” J. Struct. Eng. 111 (4): 722–739. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1985)111:4(722).
Saatcioglu, M., and M. Grira. 1999. “Confinement of reinforced concrete columns with welded reinforced grids.” ACI Struct. J. 96 (1): 29–39.
Sarkar, P., R. Agrawal, and D. Menon. 2007. “Design of RC beam column joints under seismic loading—A review.” J. Struct. Eng. 33 (6): 449–457.
Tavárez, F. A. 2001. Simulation of behavior of composite grid reinforced concrete beams using explicit finite element methods. Madison, WI: Univ. of Wisconsin.
Tsonos, A. G. 2007. “Cyclic load behavior of reinforced concrete beam–column subassemblages of modern structures.” ACI Struct. J. 104 (4): 468–478.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 146 • Issue 3 • March 2020
Copyright
©2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Sep 4, 2018
Accepted: Jun 12, 2019
Published online: Dec 21, 2019
Published in print: Mar 1, 2020
Discussion open until: May 21, 2020
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.