Wind Effects on a Tall Building with Square Cross-Section and Mid-Side Base Columns: Database-Assisted Design Approach
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 145, Issue 5
Abstract
This paper illustrates the application of the database-assisted design (DAD) method to the wind design of high-rise buildings. The paper uses publicly available wind tunnel data and DAD procedures to compare responses to (1) corner winds and (2) face winds of a high-rise building of square cross-section supported by a central core column and four mid-side legs. The responses being considered consist of overturning moments, and of demand-to-capacity indexes (DCIs) of selected members, including multistory chevron braces. The analysis accounts for structural dynamics and second-order load-deformation effects. The results show that corner winds are less demanding than face winds, both globally (overturning moments) and locally (DCIs). The along-wind and across-wind overturning moments in the corner wind case are about 20% and 50% lower, respectively, than their counterparts in the face-wind case. The peak axial forces in the legs (peak refers to absolute value) and the peak DCIs in the mid-side mast columns (continuation of the legs) induced by corner winds are lower by 20%–30% than their counterparts due to face winds. The investigation confirms that the building code of the City of New York in effect in the early 1970s can be interpreted as meaning that the design for wind of structures with a square shape in plan may be performed by assuming the wind loads to act normal to a face of the building. The building analyzed in this paper is similar to the Citicorp Building (completed in 1977, later renamed Citigroup Center, now called 601 Lexington) and the results of the analyses presented herein suggest that a re-examination of the history of the Citicorp Building design and retrofit may be warranted.
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Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful to Diane Hartley for enlightening discussions of her undergraduate thesis, and to Christa Cleeton of the Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library at Princeton University for making available high-resolution copies of the Citicorp Building blueprints. This paper is dedicated to the memory of David Billington, an inspiring teacher to one of the authors (D.D.) and thesis supervisor to Hartley.
Disclaimer
Some commercial products are identified in this paper for traceability of results. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the products identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose.
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©2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: May 14, 2018
Accepted: Nov 8, 2018
Published online: Mar 6, 2019
Published in print: May 1, 2019
Discussion open until: Aug 6, 2019
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